Thesis MONITOREO Y DIAGNÓSTICO DE LA OPERACIÓN DE UNA COLUMNA DE FLOTACIÓN PILOTO USANDO MÉTODOS DE PROYECCIÓN (PCA)
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Date
2019-12
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Abstract
En el proceso de flotación se registran muchas variables, pero ante la ocurrencia de alguna falla de
tipo operacional o instrumental es muy difícil identificar las causas que provocan pérdidas
operacionales por lo que se hace necesario incorporar el monitoreo en línea y los sistemas de
diagnóstico de la operación que son una parte importante de la mejora continua dentro del proceso
de flotación. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es construir un modelo para monitorear y
diagnosticar fallas operacionales en una columna de flotación instalada en el Laboratorio de
Operaciones Unitarias (LOU) del Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental (DIQA) de la
Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María (UTFSM). La “Columna de Flotación Piloto IQA” es
el equipo experimental utilizado, de 20 [cm] de diámetro y 3,14 [m] de altura que fue construido
e instrumentado principalmente para poder operarse con pulpa real (mezcla de sólidos de
concentrado y relave), de manera industrial, pero pese a las dificultades y limitaciones del sistema
se decide trabajar en circuito cerrado.
La columna cuenta con un control distribuido que consta de tres lazos de control, profundidad de
espuma, flujo de aire y de flujo de agua de lavado. El cuerpo central del DSC (Sistema de Control
Distribuido) se encarga de colectar y enviar las señales a los elementos finales de control
(actuadores), así mismo el registro de las señales de los sensores las que son digitalizadas y puestas
a disposición del usuario. El sistema de control automático implementado en la columna es el
OPTO 22. El PAC es programado usando PAC Control Pro 10.2, una herramienta de
programación basada en diagramas de flujo para control industrial y aplicaciones de procesos. La
interfaz gráfica o HMI es realizada con el PAC Display Configurator Pro 10.2. Para el almacenaje
de la base de datos de todas las variables asociadas a la columna se hace uso del Opto Data Link
Monitor 10.2.
Many variables are recorded in the flotation process, but due to the occurrence of some operational or instrumental failure, it is very difficult to identify the causes that cause operational losses, so it is necessary to incorporate online monitoring and diagnostic systems. operation that are an important part of the continuous improvement within the flotation process. The main objective of this work is to build a model to monitor and diagnose operational failures in a flotation column installed in the Unit Operations Laboratory (LOU) of the Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DIQA) of the Technical University Federico Santa María (UTFSM ). The “IQA Pilot Flotation Column” is the experimental equipment used, 20 [cm] in diameter and 3.14 [m] high, which was built and instrumented mainly to be able to operate with real pulp (mixture of solids of concentrate and tailings ), industrially, but despite the difficulties and limitations of the system, it is decided to work in a closed circuit. The column has a distributed control consisting of three control loops, foam depth, air flow and wash water flow. The central body of the DSC (Distributed Control System) is responsible for collecting and sending the signals to the final control elements (actuators), as well as the registration of the sensor signals which are digitized and made available to the user. The automatic control system implemented in the column is OPTO 22. The PAC is programmed using PAC Control Pro 10.2, a programming tool based on flowcharts for industrial control and process applications. The graphical interface or HMI is made with the PAC Display Configurator Pro 10.2. For the storage of the database of all the variables associated with the column, the Opto Data Link Monitor 10.2 is used.
Many variables are recorded in the flotation process, but due to the occurrence of some operational or instrumental failure, it is very difficult to identify the causes that cause operational losses, so it is necessary to incorporate online monitoring and diagnostic systems. operation that are an important part of the continuous improvement within the flotation process. The main objective of this work is to build a model to monitor and diagnose operational failures in a flotation column installed in the Unit Operations Laboratory (LOU) of the Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DIQA) of the Technical University Federico Santa María (UTFSM ). The “IQA Pilot Flotation Column” is the experimental equipment used, 20 [cm] in diameter and 3.14 [m] high, which was built and instrumented mainly to be able to operate with real pulp (mixture of solids of concentrate and tailings ), industrially, but despite the difficulties and limitations of the system, it is decided to work in a closed circuit. The column has a distributed control consisting of three control loops, foam depth, air flow and wash water flow. The central body of the DSC (Distributed Control System) is responsible for collecting and sending the signals to the final control elements (actuators), as well as the registration of the sensor signals which are digitized and made available to the user. The automatic control system implemented in the column is OPTO 22. The PAC is programmed using PAC Control Pro 10.2, a programming tool based on flowcharts for industrial control and process applications. The graphical interface or HMI is made with the PAC Display Configurator Pro 10.2. For the storage of the database of all the variables associated with the column, the Opto Data Link Monitor 10.2 is used.
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MONITOREO
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Casa Central Valparaíso