Publication: EVALUACIÓN Y PONDERACIÓN DE LAS POTENCIALES INTERACCIONES ENTRE LOS RIESGOS AFECTANDO TÚNELES EN ROCA
Date
2022-03
Authors
VILCHES ABARZÚA, CONSTANZA RITA
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Abstract
La presente investigación consiste en estudiar los riesgos más comunes que ocurren dentro de los túneles en rocas y si existe interacción entre ellos, con la finalidad de comprender los factores desencadenantes y las consecuencias que puede traer. En otras palabras, estudiar si un evento puede dar paso a uno diferente. Esto se realiza puesto que trabajar en minería subterránea corresponde a una labor de alto riesgo y esta información puede ayudar a identificarlos a tiempo y así evitar accidentes fatales. Para realizar lo anterior, se utilizaron las matrices de interacción donde se aplicará la metodología Rock Engineering System (RES), ya que, a diferencia de los modelos probabilísticos, permite comprender los fenómenos de estudio de mejor manera y como se comportan cuando interactúan con otras variables.
En primer lugar, se definieron los riesgos de estudio. Se consideraron en el estudio solo los cuatro riesgos mayores en túneles, los cuales corresponden a rockburst, spalling, squeezing y swelling, para luego identificar los factores que deben existir para que se desencadene cada uno de los riesgos. Una vez teniendo la información anterior se realizaron las matrices de interacción y se les asignó el nivel de interacción en caso de existir. Finalmente se obtuvo el comportamiento de cada evento dentro del sistema. El riesgo de rockburst corresponde a una variable dominante, esto significa que afecta más a las otras variables que viceversa. Esto se debe a que corresponde a una gran liberación de energía de forma abrupta, por lo que puede ocasionar una deformación súbita en los sectores cercanos al evento y en consecuencia provocar riesgos diferentes. Por el contrario, el riesgo de squeezing corresponde a una variable subordinada ya que no genera un riesgo diferente, sino que es más probable que otros riesgos como el swelling den paso a su ocurrencia.
The present research consists of studying the most common risks that occur inside rock tunnels and if there is any interaction between them, with the purpose of understanding the triggering factors and consequences they may bring. In other words, this work proposes to study whether one event can lead to the occurrence of a different one. This is done because working in underground mining corresponds to a high-risk job and this information can help to identify them in time and thus avoid fatal accidents. To do the above, interaction matrices were used where the Rock Engineering System (RES) methodology is applied, since, unlike probabilistic models, it allows to understand the phenomena in a better way and how they behave when they interact with other variables. First, the studied hazard were defined. Only the four main risk in tunneling are considered, which correspond to rockburst, spalling, squeezing and swelling. Then the factors that must exist for each of the risks to be triggered were identified. Once the information was available, the interaction matrices were made and the level of interaction was assigned, if any. Finally, the behavior of each event within the system was obtained. The risk of rockburst corresponds to a dominant variable, this means that it affects the other variables more than vice versa. This is due to the fact that it corresponds to a large abrupt release of energy, which can cause a sudden deformation in the sectors close to the event and consequently cause different risks. On the contrary, the risk of squeezing corresponds to a subordinate variable since it does not generate a different risk, but it is more likely that other risks such as swelling give way to its occurrence.
The present research consists of studying the most common risks that occur inside rock tunnels and if there is any interaction between them, with the purpose of understanding the triggering factors and consequences they may bring. In other words, this work proposes to study whether one event can lead to the occurrence of a different one. This is done because working in underground mining corresponds to a high-risk job and this information can help to identify them in time and thus avoid fatal accidents. To do the above, interaction matrices were used where the Rock Engineering System (RES) methodology is applied, since, unlike probabilistic models, it allows to understand the phenomena in a better way and how they behave when they interact with other variables. First, the studied hazard were defined. Only the four main risk in tunneling are considered, which correspond to rockburst, spalling, squeezing and swelling. Then the factors that must exist for each of the risks to be triggered were identified. Once the information was available, the interaction matrices were made and the level of interaction was assigned, if any. Finally, the behavior of each event within the system was obtained. The risk of rockburst corresponds to a dominant variable, this means that it affects the other variables more than vice versa. This is due to the fact that it corresponds to a large abrupt release of energy, which can cause a sudden deformation in the sectors close to the event and consequently cause different risks. On the contrary, the risk of squeezing corresponds to a subordinate variable since it does not generate a different risk, but it is more likely that other risks such as swelling give way to its occurrence.
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Keywords
TUNELES , MINERIA SUBTERRANEA , SEGURIDAD INDUSTRIAL