Thesis IDENTIFICACIÓN DE CARACTERÍSTICAS QUE PUDIERON HABER SIDO IMPORTANTES EN EL DESEMPEÑO DE 20 EDIFICIOS EN VIÑA DEL MAR DURANTE EL SISMO DE CHILE DE 2010
Date
2017
Authors
PEREIRA CHAMORRO, DIEGO ANDRÉS
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Abstract
El sismo de Chile de 2010, que tuvo una magnitud de 8.8 en la escala de Richter, afectó a un gran número de edificios en todo el país, especialmente en las ciudades de Santiago, Concepción y Viña del Mar.En una zona acotada de la ciudad de Viña del Mar, varios edificios resultaron muy afectados, todos ellos con un patrón similar de daños. Debido a la gravedad del daño, algunos edificios tuvieron que ser demolidos.El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar las características comunes de las estructuras que pudieron haber influido en el comportamiento observado de los edificios dañados.Para lograr el objetivo, se estudió una muestra de veinte edificios ubicados en el sector Plan de la ciudad de Viña del Mar, con características similares, que estaban construidos y ocupados al momento del sismo. Parte de la muestra, quince edificios, presentó daños estructurales importantes, incluyendo cuatro de ellos que tuvieron que ser demolidos posterior al sismo. El resto de los edificios no reportaron daños, y fueron considerados a efectos de comparación.El nivel de desempeño que cada edificio habría alcanzado durante el sismo se determinó a partir de la información del estado del daño reportado para cada uno de ellos. Se evaluó una serie de características de los edificios, tales como propiedades estructurales, geométricas y de ubicación. Finalmente, estas características se correlacionaron con el nivel de desempeño asignado.Los periodos naturales de vibración y los valores globales de la respuesta sísmica, como el corte basal y las deformaciones laterales, fueron algunos de los parámetros estructurales considerados en la evaluación. Los valores se obtuvieron a partir de un análisis modal espectral según las normativas chilenas.Se verificó el grado de cumplimiento del diseño sísmico con respecto a la normativa vigente. Para ello, se consideraron tanto los parámetros de la respuesta global de los edificios como el diseño de los elementos dañados.Las dimensiones en planta, la altura del edificio, las áreas en planta, las densidades de muros, la esbeltez en planta y en elevación fueron algunas de las propiedades geométricas consideradas. El efecto de la distribución de los muros en planta se incluyó definiendo una inercia de muros en planta.Con respecto a los parámetros de ubicación, se incluyó la orientación del edificio con respecto al norte geográfico y la direccionalidad del daño observado. El efecto del tipo de suelo fue incluido mediante la comparación entre el período natural del suelo y los periodos de los edificios.Finalmente, se analizaron los índices de irregularidad en planta y elevación según las disposiciones de la ASCE 7 2010.Los resultados de este trabajo indicaron que algunas de las características analizadas podrían haber tenido una influencia significativa en el comportamiento observado en los edificios dañados durante el sismo de Chile de 2010. Las más importantes son la ubicación y orientación de los edificios, el efecto del acoplamiento suelo-estructura durante la respuesta sísmica, las irregularidades del edificio y la baja densidad de muros.
The 2010 Chile earthquake, which had a magnitude of 8.8 on the Richter scale, affected a large number of buildings throughout the country, especially in the cities of Santiago, Concepcion and Viña del Mar.There were several buildings with severe damages in a limited area of the city of Viña del Mar, all of them with a similar pattern of damages. Due to the severity of the damage, some buildings had to be demolished.The objective of this work was to identify common characteristics of the structures that may had have influence on the observed performance of damaged buildings.To achieve the objective, a sample of twenty buildings located in the Plan area of the city of Viña del Mar, with similar characteristics, that were built and occupied at the time of the earthquake, were studied. Part of the sample, fifteen buildings, presented important structural damage, including four of them that had to be demolished after the earthquake. The rest of the buildings did not report damage, and were considered for comparison purposes.The performance level that each building would have reached during the earthquake was determined from the information of the state of damage reported for each one of them. A series of characteristics of the buildings, such as structural properties, geometry and location parameters were evaluated. Finally, these characteristics were correlated with the assigned performance level.Natural periods of vibration and global values of the seismic response, such as base shears and lateral deformations were some of the structural parameters considered in the evaluation. Their values were obtained from a modal spectral analysis according to chilean code provisions.The degree of compliance of the seismic design with respect to the current regulations was verified. To do this, both the parameters of the overall response of the buildings and the design of the damaged elements were considered.Plan dimensions, building height, plan areas, wall densities, and slenderness in plan and height were some of the geometrical properties considered. The effect of the plan distribution of the walls was included by defining an equivalent inertia for the plan.With respect to the location parameters, position of the building with respect to the geographical North and directionality of the observed damage were included. The effect of the soil type was included by the comparison between the natural period of the soil and the periods of the buildings.Finally, irregularity indexes in plan and elevation were analyzed according to definitions of the ASCE 7 2010.The results of this work indicated that some of the analyzed characteristics could have had important influence on the observed performance of damaged buildings during the 2010 Chile earthquake. The most important among them are the location and orientation of the buildings, the effect of the soil-structure coupling during the seismic response, the building irregularities, and a low density of walls.
The 2010 Chile earthquake, which had a magnitude of 8.8 on the Richter scale, affected a large number of buildings throughout the country, especially in the cities of Santiago, Concepcion and Viña del Mar.There were several buildings with severe damages in a limited area of the city of Viña del Mar, all of them with a similar pattern of damages. Due to the severity of the damage, some buildings had to be demolished.The objective of this work was to identify common characteristics of the structures that may had have influence on the observed performance of damaged buildings.To achieve the objective, a sample of twenty buildings located in the Plan area of the city of Viña del Mar, with similar characteristics, that were built and occupied at the time of the earthquake, were studied. Part of the sample, fifteen buildings, presented important structural damage, including four of them that had to be demolished after the earthquake. The rest of the buildings did not report damage, and were considered for comparison purposes.The performance level that each building would have reached during the earthquake was determined from the information of the state of damage reported for each one of them. A series of characteristics of the buildings, such as structural properties, geometry and location parameters were evaluated. Finally, these characteristics were correlated with the assigned performance level.Natural periods of vibration and global values of the seismic response, such as base shears and lateral deformations were some of the structural parameters considered in the evaluation. Their values were obtained from a modal spectral analysis according to chilean code provisions.The degree of compliance of the seismic design with respect to the current regulations was verified. To do this, both the parameters of the overall response of the buildings and the design of the damaged elements were considered.Plan dimensions, building height, plan areas, wall densities, and slenderness in plan and height were some of the geometrical properties considered. The effect of the plan distribution of the walls was included by defining an equivalent inertia for the plan.With respect to the location parameters, position of the building with respect to the geographical North and directionality of the observed damage were included. The effect of the soil type was included by the comparison between the natural period of the soil and the periods of the buildings.Finally, irregularity indexes in plan and elevation were analyzed according to definitions of the ASCE 7 2010.The results of this work indicated that some of the analyzed characteristics could have had important influence on the observed performance of damaged buildings during the 2010 Chile earthquake. The most important among them are the location and orientation of the buildings, the effect of the soil-structure coupling during the seismic response, the building irregularities, and a low density of walls.
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Keywords
CARACTERISTICAS ESTRUCTURALES DE EDIFICIOS , DANO EN EDIFICIOS DE HORMIGON ARMADO , DISENO SISMICO DE EDIFICIOS , TERREMOTO CHILE 2010