Publication: PROPUESTA DE MODELOS DE MEJORAMIENTO EN OPERACIONES LOGÍSTICAS DE RECOLECCIÓN EN CENTRO DE DISTRIBUCIÓN: CASO APLICADO A LA FIRMA MACO S.A.
Date
2016
Authors
QUEZADA AZÓCAR, FRANCISCO ESTEBAN
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Abstract
El objetivo central de este trabajo es confirmar la hipótesis que versa que el ordenamientoestratégico de las existencias en los racks es capaz de reducir los tiempos logísticosdentro de un centro de distribución. Actualmente, el nivel de servicio al cliente es bajo, laescasa capacidad de respuesta es el principal problema del centro. Éste fenómeno se debe amúltiples factores, los más destacados son un desorden general de la bodega, descuadre deinventario entre el físico y el virtual, un ERP ineficiente y escasa maquinaria para procesosde recolección y almacenamiento.Al comienzo se piensa en la implementación de un modelo del tipo location-allocation,pero debido a numerosas políticas restrictivas de la firma, además de las limitaciones técnicasdel sistema de información, se decide dividir el problema central. Primero se localiza elrack idóneo a utilizar, mediante la aplicación de un modelo de centro de gravedad, paracontinuar con la aplicación de un modelo de optimización que permite asignar la mejor ubicaciónpara un conjunto de repuestos en el rack previamente localizado. El segundo modelotoma como base las ubicaciones del rack 13 y una muestra de 50 códigos que constituyen alos conjuntos y considera los parámetros de capacidad de almacenamiento, peso máximo,volumen individual y demanda mínima. El modelo emula a un “Modelo de Slotting”, lograndominimizar los tiempos de recolección, sujeto a restricciones de capacidad y de orden.Los resultados obtenidos en el mes de control, muestran un crecimiento promedio deun 61,33% en los pedidos, líneas y piezas que salen del centro, además de una diminuciónen los tiempos de recolección de un 103,29% para la empresa International. Esto eleva lacapacidad de respuesta de los operarios en un 127,15 %. Con la presencia de holgura en ladotación, es posible prescindir de un operario, esta acción significaría un VAN del orden de$7.307.288 y una tasa interna de retorno de un 25,28 %.
The main objetive of this project is to validate the hypothesis related to the strategicordering of racks in terms of stock and whether it is able to reduce logistic times within adistribution center. Currently, the level of customer service is low, poor response capacityis the main problem of the center. This phenomenon is due to multiple factors: a generalwarehouse disorder, inventory mismatch between physical and virtual, inecient ERP andscarce machinery for collection and storage processes.Firstly, the implementation of a model of the location-allocation type is considered.However, due to numerous restrictive policies from the company, in addition to the technicallimitations of the information system, it is decided to divide the main problem into twomodels. The first part is to identify the ideal rack in order to be used, by means of theapplication of a center of gravity model, to continue with the application of an optimizationmodel that allows assigning the best location for a set of spare parts in the previously locatedrack. The second part is based on the locations of rack number 13 and a sample of 50codes that constitute a set and it is considers the parameters of storage capacity, maximumweight, individual volume and minimum demand. The model emulates a "Slotting Model",managing to minimize collection times, liable to restrictions of capacity and order.Finally, the observation and control show the following results: an average growthof 61.33% in orders, lines and parts leaving the center, in addition to this, a reductionin collection times of 103.29% for the International company. This point increases theresponsiveness of operators by 127.15 %. With the presence of slack in the endowment, it ispossible to dispense with an operator, this action means a NPV of the order of $ 7,307,288and an internal rate of return of 25.28 %.
The main objetive of this project is to validate the hypothesis related to the strategicordering of racks in terms of stock and whether it is able to reduce logistic times within adistribution center. Currently, the level of customer service is low, poor response capacityis the main problem of the center. This phenomenon is due to multiple factors: a generalwarehouse disorder, inventory mismatch between physical and virtual, inecient ERP andscarce machinery for collection and storage processes.Firstly, the implementation of a model of the location-allocation type is considered.However, due to numerous restrictive policies from the company, in addition to the technicallimitations of the information system, it is decided to divide the main problem into twomodels. The first part is to identify the ideal rack in order to be used, by means of theapplication of a center of gravity model, to continue with the application of an optimizationmodel that allows assigning the best location for a set of spare parts in the previously locatedrack. The second part is based on the locations of rack number 13 and a sample of 50codes that constitute a set and it is considers the parameters of storage capacity, maximumweight, individual volume and minimum demand. The model emulates a "Slotting Model",managing to minimize collection times, liable to restrictions of capacity and order.Finally, the observation and control show the following results: an average growthof 61.33% in orders, lines and parts leaving the center, in addition to this, a reductionin collection times of 103.29% for the International company. This point increases theresponsiveness of operators by 127.15 %. With the presence of slack in the endowment, it ispossible to dispense with an operator, this action means a NPV of the order of $ 7,307,288and an internal rate of return of 25.28 %.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
ALMACENAMIENTO , CENTRO DE DISTRIBUCIÓN , RECOLECCION , SLOTTING