Thesis DISEÑO Y EVALUACIÓN DE UN SISTEMA DE COGENERACIÓN DE CICLO INFERIOR, EN UNA EMPRESA DE PRODUCTOS CERÁMICOS
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Date
2022-11
Authors
PEREIRA CÁRCAMO, ROBERTO SEBASTIÁN
PITRIQUEO TORRES, PEDRO IVÁN
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Abstract
El presente trabajo viene a desarrollar la evaluación de la implementación de un equipo “Organic Rankine Cycle” que trabaja en base a un ciclo termodinámico de Rankine aplicado al proceso de cocción de productos cerámicos, en este caso ladrillos en un horno de cocción del tipo túnel continuo. Dado lo anterior, se han desarrollado cuatro capítulos los cuales abarcan desde la recopilación de información de los procesos que posee la empresa actualmente y que lleva a cabo, para el posterior análisis técnico/económico en función de esta nueva implementación. En el último capítulo, se evalúan escenarios con respecto al nivel de productividad con que la empresa convive actualmente. Los motivos que llevaron a decidir evaluar este tema en particular, son los siguientes: desde el punto de vista especifico, el proceso de cocción de ladrillos cuenta con una cantidad de energía disponible, en forma de calor que actualmente se está desechando y que podría servir para generar energía eléctrica o para calentar agua, así destinar cualquiera de las dos posibilidades en beneficio de la empresa. Ahora, de forma general, el poco auge que aún persiste a nivel país por abordar los procesos de cogeneración y trigeneración de la energía desde el punto de vista de la eficiencia y posterior mejora de variados procesos industriales. Se concluye que para el capítulo de factibilidad técnica es viable la implementación del sistema ORC, no así para el caso del capítulo de factibilidad económica, este mismo arrojo indicadores negativos los cuales muestran inviabilidad del proyecto. Se observa que solo el impacto desde el punto de vista de la producción ha mostrado que a pesar de que el indicador de productividad parcial como concepto de electricidad del proceso de cocción mejoro cerca de 1%, la mejora a la productividad total se mantiene sin cambios.
The present work develops the evaluation of the implementation of an "Organic Rankine Cycle" equipment that works on the basis of a thermodynamic Rankine cycle applied to the firing process of ceramic products, in this case bricks in a continuous tunnel kiln. Given the foregoing, four chapters have been developed, which cover from the information gathering on the processes that the company currently has and conducts, to the subsequent technical/economic analysis based on this new implementation. In the last chapter, scenarios are evaluated in regard to the level of productivity which the company has and currently coexists. The reasons that led the decision to evaluate this particular subject are the following: from the specific point of view, the brick firing process has an amount of available energy in the form of heat that is currently being wasted and could be used to generate electricity or to heat water, thus both possibilities could be allocated for the benefit of the company. Now, in general terms, it remains a lack of interest in the country in the cogeneration and trigeneration of energy from efficiency and subsequent improvement point of view of various industrial processes. It is concluded that the implementation of the ORC system is feasible for the technical feasibility chapter, but not for the economic feasibility chapter, which yielded negative indicators that show the project's unfeasibility. It is observed that only the impact from the production point of view has shown that although the partial productivity indicator as a concept of electricity from the firing process improved by about 1%, the improvement in total productivity remains unchanged.
The present work develops the evaluation of the implementation of an "Organic Rankine Cycle" equipment that works on the basis of a thermodynamic Rankine cycle applied to the firing process of ceramic products, in this case bricks in a continuous tunnel kiln. Given the foregoing, four chapters have been developed, which cover from the information gathering on the processes that the company currently has and conducts, to the subsequent technical/economic analysis based on this new implementation. In the last chapter, scenarios are evaluated in regard to the level of productivity which the company has and currently coexists. The reasons that led the decision to evaluate this particular subject are the following: from the specific point of view, the brick firing process has an amount of available energy in the form of heat that is currently being wasted and could be used to generate electricity or to heat water, thus both possibilities could be allocated for the benefit of the company. Now, in general terms, it remains a lack of interest in the country in the cogeneration and trigeneration of energy from efficiency and subsequent improvement point of view of various industrial processes. It is concluded that the implementation of the ORC system is feasible for the technical feasibility chapter, but not for the economic feasibility chapter, which yielded negative indicators that show the project's unfeasibility. It is observed that only the impact from the production point of view has shown that although the partial productivity indicator as a concept of electricity from the firing process improved by about 1%, the improvement in total productivity remains unchanged.
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Keywords
TERMODINAMICA , LADRILLOS , ENERGIA ELECTRICA