Thesis FORMULACIÓN DE ESTRATEGIAS EDUCACIONALES QUE MEJOREN LA CALIDAD EN COLEGIOS DE CHILE.
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Date
2020-11-25
Authors
FABIO ILUFÍ, ANDREA LORENA ELENA
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Abstract
A través de los años, el sistema educacional chileno ha promulgado diversas leyes con el fin de progresar en lo que respecta a la calidad educacional, sólo ha logrado destacar en el contexto latinoamericano. Dado lo anterior, es que el siguiente estudio realiza un benchmarking entre el sistema educacional chileno y los sistemas educacionales de países que presentan excelencia en calidad educacional, de este modo se conocerán las diferencias existentes entre los sistemas descritos.
Para llevar a cabo lo anterior, se utiliza la evaluación PISA para identificar los países considerados en el estudio y que destacan en sus resultados académicos, los cuales son: Japón, Irlanda, Finlandia, Canadá y Polonia. Luego de definir sus sistemas educacionales, se escogen indicadores que sirven como base para realizar benchmarking entre los países y Chile. Estos indicadores son: la cantidad de alumnos por sala y por equipo docente, tiempo de aprendizaje de los alumnos y tiempo que los profesores dedican a hacer clases, gasto por estudiante y según tipo de servicio, gastos destinados a educación respecto al PIB. En base a estos indicadores se analizan de forma cuantitativa las diferencias presentes entre los escenarios en cuestión, permitiendo realizar una comparación cualitativa respecto a las políticas educacionales establecidas en cada país.
Del análisis se busca encontrar reformas pertenecientes a los países con calidad educacional que puedan ser replicadas en Chile. El resultado fue que el sistema educacional chileno presenta políticas muy similares a la de los sistemas que destacan en esta temática. Dado esto, se determina el impacto que han generado las reformas establecidas en Chile y que no han permitido que el país destaque en educación. Por esta razón, se escoge un establecimiento que cumple con ciertas características que logran reflejar el resultado alcanzado. El colegio seleccionado es el Liceo Marcela Paz, ubicado en la comuna de La Florida perteneciente a la Región Metropolitana.
Luego de analizar el impacto de las reformas educacionales chilenas en el establecimiento Marcela Paz, se concluye que los resultados obtenidos no fueron los esperados. Por esta razón, se proponen estrategias con el fin de mejorar la calidad de la enseñanza en el colegio seleccionado, entre las que se encuentran, el aumento de la dotación docente y la creación de un Departamento de Desarrollo Escolar. Para poner en marcha las estrategias se debe considerar una inversión de 105.570.000 CLP anuales.
Por último, el estudio pretende determinar si las estrategias anteriores pueden evolucionar en una reforma educacional. De lo anterior, se determina que puede resultar factible para aquellos colegios cuyas características sean similares a las del Liceo Marcela Paz, sin embargo, se deben considerar otros factores como la ubicación del establecimiento, el perfil de los estudiantes, los recursos disponibles, entre otros. Para implementar la reforma, el Estado debe invertir 1 billón de dólares anuales, pero se recomienda analizar su factibilidad mediante un análisis macroeconómico.
Over the years, the Chilean educational system has enacted various laws in order to progress in terms of educational quality, it has only managed to stand out in the Latin American context. Given the above, it is that the following study performs a benchmarking between the Chilean educational system and the educational systems of countries that present excellence in educational quality, in this way the differences between the systems described will be known. To carry out the above, the PISA assessment is used to identify the countries considered in the study and that stand out in their academic results, which are: Japan, Ireland, Finland, Canada and Poland. After defining their educational systems, indicators are chosen that serve as a basis for benchmarking between the countries and Chile. These indicators are: the number of students per room and per teaching team, student learning time and time that teachers spend doing classes, spending per student and by type of service, spending on education relative to GDP. Based on these indicators, the differences present between the scenarios in question are quantitatively analyzed, allowing a qualitative comparison to be made with respect to the educational policies established in each country. The analysis seeks to find reforms belonging to countries with educational quality that can be replicated in Chile. The result was that the Chilean educational system has policies that are very similar to the systems that stand out in this area. Given this, the impact that the reforms established in Chile have generated and that have not allowed the country to excel in education are determined. For this reason, an establishment that meets certain characteristics that reflect the result achieved is chosen. The selected school is Liceo Marcela Paz, located in the commune of La Florida belonging to the Metropolitan Region. After analyzing the impact of the Chilean educational reforms in Marcela Paz establishment, it is concluded that the results obtained were not as expected. For this reason, strategies are proposed in order to improve the quality of teaching in the selected school, which are, the increase in the teaching staff and the creation of a Department of School Development. To implement the strategies, an investment of 105,570,000 CLP per year should be considered. Finally, the study tries to determine if the previous strategies can evolve into an educational reform. From the above, it is determined that it may be feasible for those schools whose characteristics are similar to those of the Marcela Paz Establishment, however, other factors such as the location, the profile of the students, the available resources, must be considered. To implement the reform, the State must invest 1 billion USD annually, but it is recommended to analyze its feasibility through a macroeconomic analysis.
Over the years, the Chilean educational system has enacted various laws in order to progress in terms of educational quality, it has only managed to stand out in the Latin American context. Given the above, it is that the following study performs a benchmarking between the Chilean educational system and the educational systems of countries that present excellence in educational quality, in this way the differences between the systems described will be known. To carry out the above, the PISA assessment is used to identify the countries considered in the study and that stand out in their academic results, which are: Japan, Ireland, Finland, Canada and Poland. After defining their educational systems, indicators are chosen that serve as a basis for benchmarking between the countries and Chile. These indicators are: the number of students per room and per teaching team, student learning time and time that teachers spend doing classes, spending per student and by type of service, spending on education relative to GDP. Based on these indicators, the differences present between the scenarios in question are quantitatively analyzed, allowing a qualitative comparison to be made with respect to the educational policies established in each country. The analysis seeks to find reforms belonging to countries with educational quality that can be replicated in Chile. The result was that the Chilean educational system has policies that are very similar to the systems that stand out in this area. Given this, the impact that the reforms established in Chile have generated and that have not allowed the country to excel in education are determined. For this reason, an establishment that meets certain characteristics that reflect the result achieved is chosen. The selected school is Liceo Marcela Paz, located in the commune of La Florida belonging to the Metropolitan Region. After analyzing the impact of the Chilean educational reforms in Marcela Paz establishment, it is concluded that the results obtained were not as expected. For this reason, strategies are proposed in order to improve the quality of teaching in the selected school, which are, the increase in the teaching staff and the creation of a Department of School Development. To implement the strategies, an investment of 105,570,000 CLP per year should be considered. Finally, the study tries to determine if the previous strategies can evolve into an educational reform. From the above, it is determined that it may be feasible for those schools whose characteristics are similar to those of the Marcela Paz Establishment, however, other factors such as the location, the profile of the students, the available resources, must be considered. To implement the reform, the State must invest 1 billion USD annually, but it is recommended to analyze its feasibility through a macroeconomic analysis.
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Keywords
EDUCACION , ESTUDIO DE FACTIBILIDAD , PLANIFICACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA