Thesis PERCEPCIÓN DE LOS ESTUDIANTES SOBRE EL ECOSISTEMA EMPRENDEDOR DE LA UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA FEDERICO SANTA MARÍA
Date
2018
Authors
AGUIRRE DÍAZ, NICOLL CONSTANZA
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Abstract
El nivel de actividad emprendedora en las distintos sectores ha aumentadoconsiderablemente las últimas décadas, según los resultados obtenidos en el ReporteNacional de Chile 2017 del Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) el 23,8% de lapoblación entre 18 y 64 años declara estar en fase inicial de actividad emprendedora(Intelectual, 2017), sin embargo, de los jóvenes que comprenden entre los 18 y 24 años, sóloun 9,3% se encuentra en fase inicial de actividad emprendedora (Intelectual, 2017).Es por esta razón que desarrollar y potenciar los ecosistemas emprendedoresuniversitarios es esencial para aumentar los niveles de emprendimiento en este rango etario,puesto que permite mejorar la percepción que tienen los estudiantes del emprendimiento yposteriormente motivar e incentivar el desarrollo de emprendimientos. Estos ecosistemasemprendedores son percibidos de distinta manera a nivel de género, pues es posible inferirlo,debido a una evidente brecha a nivel de género en el desarrollo de emprendimientos.Este estudio analizó la percepción que tienen los estudiantes sobre el ecosistemaemprendedor de la Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, una Institución Universitariadestacada que declara ser líder en innovación y tecnología, que posee la incubadora denegocios más importante del país, con el objetivo de generar recomendaciones que permitandesarrollo y potenciar este entorno para desarrollar negocios.Para ello, la investigación de carácter mixto se dividió en tres fases. La primera faseconsistió en una en una revisión documental, la cual estuvo enfocada a examinar las mallascurriculares de las carreras que imparte la Universidad, los programas de las asignaturasorientadas al emprendimiento y la revisión de las mallas de las mejores escuelas de negocio.La segunda etapa, se enfocó en la realización de entrevistas a aquellos profesores que dictanasignaturas relacionadas al emprendimiento. Y para finalizar el estudio, se llevó a cabo lafase cuantitativa, a través de una encuesta que permitió determinar la percepción que tienenlos estudiantes sobre el ecosistema emprendedor de la Universidad Técnica Federico SantaMaría.A partir de la revisión documental, fue posible concluir que existe una ausencia deasignaturas orientadas a potenciar habilidades necesarias para desarrollar un emprendimientoen todas las carreras impartidas por la Universidad y principalmente al comparar aquellasorientadas al emprendimiento con reconocidas escuelas de negocio.Los resultados obtenidos en la encuesta señalaron que, mientras un 23,5% posee unemprendimiento, un 71,2% tiene intención de emprender. Sin embargo, los estudiantesseñalaron poseer diversas limitaciones al momento de emprender, tales como ladisponibilidad de recursos técnicos, recursos financieros, creación de redes, infraestructura,elementos que finalmente componen el entorno ideal para que estos puedan desarrollar unemprendimiento.Cabe destacar que, si bien la Universidad posee iniciativas y programas orientadas apromover el emprendimiento, un 71.2% de los estudiantes señala que existe poca difusión.Es por ello, que las recomendaciones se concentraron principalmente en que loselementos que componen este ecosistema emprendedor estén interconectados para que estospuedan complementarse, y así contribuir para obtener un entorno ideal para que los alumnospuedan desarrollar las habilidades para identificar oportunidades y desarrollar posteriormentesus emprendimientos. De esta forma, se generará un impacto positivo en la percepción que tienen los estudiantes sobre el ecosistema emprendedor particular de la Universidad. Por otraparte, al desarrollar y potenciar este entorno, se contribuiría enormemente al desarrollo localy social, además de disminuir en parte, la brecha existente a nivel de género en temas deemprendimiento.
The level of entrepreneurial activity in the different sectors has increasedconsiderably in recent decades, according to the results obtained in the National Report ofChile 2017 of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 23.8% of the population between18 and 64 years old declares to be in the initial phase of entrepreneurial activity (Intellectual,2017), however, of the young people between 18 and 24 years old, only 9.3% is in the initialphase of entrepreneurial activity (Intellectual, 2017).It is for this reason that developing and strengthening university entrepreneurialecosystems is essential to increase the levels of entrepreneurship in this age range, since itallows improving the perception that students have of entrepreneurship and subsequentlymotivating and incentivizing the development of entrepreneurships. These entrepreneurialecosystems are perceived differently at the gender level, because it is possible to infer it, dueto an evident gender gap in the development of entrepreneurships.This study analyzed the students' perception of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of theUniversidad Técnica Federico Santa María, an outstanding university institution that declaresitself to be a leader in innovation and technology, which has the most important businessincubator in the country, with the objective of generating recommendations that allowdevelopment and strengthen this environment to develop businesses.To this end, the research of a mixed nature was divided into three phases. The firstphase consisted of a documentary review, which focused on examining the curricula of thecareers taught by the University, the programs of entrepreneurship-oriented subjects and the review of the meshes of the best business schools. The second stage focused on conductingin-depth interviews with those professors who teach subjects related to entrepreneurship. Andto finish the study, the quantitative phase was carried out, through a survey that alloweddetermining the students' perception of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of the UniversidadTécnica Federico Santa María.From the documentary review, it was possible to conclude that there is an absence ofsubjects aimed at strengthening skills needed to develop an entrepreneurship in all the careerstaught by the University and mainly by comparing those oriented to entrepreneurship withrecognized business schools.The results obtained in the survey indicated that, while 23.5% have a venture, 54.4%intend to undertake. However, the students indicated that they have several limitations at thetime of undertaking, such as the availability of technical resources, financial resources,creation of networks, infrastructure, elements that finally compose the ideal environment forthem to develop a venture.It should be noted that, although the University has initiatives and programs aimed atpromoting entrepreneurship, 71.2% of students indicate that there is little diffusion.That is why the recommendations concentrated mainly on the fact that the elementsthat make up this entrepreneurial ecosystem are interconnected so that they can complementeach other, and thus contribute to an ideal environment for students to develop the skills toidentify opportunities and subsequently develop their ventures. In this way, a positive impactwill be generated in the students' perception of the particular entrepreneurial ecosystem ofthe University. On the other hand, by developing and strengthening this environment, it would contribute enormously to local and social development, in addition to partiallyreducing the existing gender gap in entrepreneurship issues.
The level of entrepreneurial activity in the different sectors has increasedconsiderably in recent decades, according to the results obtained in the National Report ofChile 2017 of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 23.8% of the population between18 and 64 years old declares to be in the initial phase of entrepreneurial activity (Intellectual,2017), however, of the young people between 18 and 24 years old, only 9.3% is in the initialphase of entrepreneurial activity (Intellectual, 2017).It is for this reason that developing and strengthening university entrepreneurialecosystems is essential to increase the levels of entrepreneurship in this age range, since itallows improving the perception that students have of entrepreneurship and subsequentlymotivating and incentivizing the development of entrepreneurships. These entrepreneurialecosystems are perceived differently at the gender level, because it is possible to infer it, dueto an evident gender gap in the development of entrepreneurships.This study analyzed the students' perception of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of theUniversidad Técnica Federico Santa María, an outstanding university institution that declaresitself to be a leader in innovation and technology, which has the most important businessincubator in the country, with the objective of generating recommendations that allowdevelopment and strengthen this environment to develop businesses.To this end, the research of a mixed nature was divided into three phases. The firstphase consisted of a documentary review, which focused on examining the curricula of thecareers taught by the University, the programs of entrepreneurship-oriented subjects and the review of the meshes of the best business schools. The second stage focused on conductingin-depth interviews with those professors who teach subjects related to entrepreneurship. Andto finish the study, the quantitative phase was carried out, through a survey that alloweddetermining the students' perception of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of the UniversidadTécnica Federico Santa María.From the documentary review, it was possible to conclude that there is an absence ofsubjects aimed at strengthening skills needed to develop an entrepreneurship in all the careerstaught by the University and mainly by comparing those oriented to entrepreneurship withrecognized business schools.The results obtained in the survey indicated that, while 23.5% have a venture, 54.4%intend to undertake. However, the students indicated that they have several limitations at thetime of undertaking, such as the availability of technical resources, financial resources,creation of networks, infrastructure, elements that finally compose the ideal environment forthem to develop a venture.It should be noted that, although the University has initiatives and programs aimed atpromoting entrepreneurship, 71.2% of students indicate that there is little diffusion.That is why the recommendations concentrated mainly on the fact that the elementsthat make up this entrepreneurial ecosystem are interconnected so that they can complementeach other, and thus contribute to an ideal environment for students to develop the skills toidentify opportunities and subsequently develop their ventures. In this way, a positive impactwill be generated in the students' perception of the particular entrepreneurial ecosystem ofthe University. On the other hand, by developing and strengthening this environment, it would contribute enormously to local and social development, in addition to partiallyreducing the existing gender gap in entrepreneurship issues.
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Keywords
ECOSISTEMA EMPRENDEDOR , EMPRENDIMIENTO A NIVEL DE GENERO , UTFSM