Thesis APLICACIÓN DEL COMPOSTAJE EN EL DISEÑO DE UN SISTEMA DE SANEAMIENTO DE RESIDUOS ORGANICOS, Y SU COMPARACION CON OTROS
Date
2018
Authors
VÁSQUEZ EULER, GONZALO
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Abstract
Actualmente el 3,17% de la población en Chile no cuenta con una conexión al alcantarillado, y por ende carece de sistemas de los sistemas de saneamiento tradicionales; lagunas aireadas, lodos activadas, biofiltros, etc… Para este segmento de la población existen otros métodos, tales como fosas sépticas y baños secos.Los sistemas de tratamiento con baños secos difieren al resto por dos hechos, el primero es que no utilizan agua para su funcionamiento y el segundo es que las heces que se acumulan en los baños secos deben ser tratadas con sistemas de saneamiento.La Fundación ECOSAN se enfoca en la instalación de baños integrales sustentables (BIS), que utilizan la tecnología de baños secos, en lugares de catástrofe o campamentos, que por lo general no tienen acceso al sistema de alcantarillado. El sistema de saneamiento que actualmente utilizan es el almacenamiento, pero presenta problemas que se detallan en los capitulo 2 y 5.Los sistemas de saneamiento más utilizados actualmente para este tipo de baños son la deshidratación, incineración y el compostaje. Este último se estudió en profundidad para diseñar un proceso, en el cual se pueda realizar un saneamiento a las heces acumuladas en los baños secos.Además, se confeccionó un cuadro comparativo entre los 3 sistemas mencionados y un análisis FODA para cada uno de ellos. Una de las principales ventajas que se destacan en el uso del compostaje, es la capacidad de eliminar residuos orgánicos de todo tipo y no únicamente los generados en baños secos.Se utilizaron las 4 fases del diseño, perfil, conceptual, básico y detalle. Además de solucionar el problema principal, se enfatizó en la capacidad que tiene el compostaje para eliminar residuos orgánicos que comúnmente son desechados en la basura, lo que sirve como inducción a la población para aprender a reciclar.Se adquirieron dispositivos (Ibuttons) capaces de medir temperatura y humedad, con estas mediciones se espera que en un futuro se pueda realizar un análisis al proceso de compostaje realizado y concluir de manera más exacta si el sistema funciona. Además, en el capítulo 6 se proponen otros desafíos a futuro para realizar.
Currently, 3.17% of the population in Chile does not have a connection with the sewerage system, and therefore, conection to traditional sanitation systems; air lagoons, activated sludge, biofilters, etc ... For this partt of the population there are other methods, such like septic tanks and UDDT (Urine-diverting dry toilet)The treatment systems with UDDT’s differ from other by two facts, the first is that water is not used for its operation and the second is that the stools accumulate in the bathrooms must be treated with sanitation systems.The ECOSAN foundation focuses on the installation of sustainable integral baths (BIS), which uses UDDT’s technology, in catastrophe sites or camps that usually do not have access to the sewer system. The sanitation system that is currently used is storage, but it presents problems detailed in chapter 2 and 5.The most common sanitation systems used in UDDT’s are dehydration, incineration and composting. This last is studied in-depth to design a process, in which a sanitation can be performed at the hours accumulated in the UDDT’s.In addition, a comparative table is made up between the 3 systems and a SWOT analysis for each of them. One of the main advantages that can be obtained in the use of composting is the ability to eliminate organic waste of all types and not only those generated in UDDT’s.The 4 phases of the design are used, profile, conceptual, basic and detail. Despite on focusing in the main problem, it emphasizes the ability of composting to eliminate organic waste that commonly are discarded in the trash, which serves as an induction to the population to learn recycle.Measuring devices had been adquired (Ibuttons), capables of measuring humidty and temeprature. With the obtained data its expected to perfmorm an analysis and verify if the system work. In addition, chapter 6 proposes other future challenges to be carried out.
Currently, 3.17% of the population in Chile does not have a connection with the sewerage system, and therefore, conection to traditional sanitation systems; air lagoons, activated sludge, biofilters, etc ... For this partt of the population there are other methods, such like septic tanks and UDDT (Urine-diverting dry toilet)The treatment systems with UDDT’s differ from other by two facts, the first is that water is not used for its operation and the second is that the stools accumulate in the bathrooms must be treated with sanitation systems.The ECOSAN foundation focuses on the installation of sustainable integral baths (BIS), which uses UDDT’s technology, in catastrophe sites or camps that usually do not have access to the sewer system. The sanitation system that is currently used is storage, but it presents problems detailed in chapter 2 and 5.The most common sanitation systems used in UDDT’s are dehydration, incineration and composting. This last is studied in-depth to design a process, in which a sanitation can be performed at the hours accumulated in the UDDT’s.In addition, a comparative table is made up between the 3 systems and a SWOT analysis for each of them. One of the main advantages that can be obtained in the use of composting is the ability to eliminate organic waste of all types and not only those generated in UDDT’s.The 4 phases of the design are used, profile, conceptual, basic and detail. Despite on focusing in the main problem, it emphasizes the ability of composting to eliminate organic waste that commonly are discarded in the trash, which serves as an induction to the population to learn recycle.Measuring devices had been adquired (Ibuttons), capables of measuring humidty and temeprature. With the obtained data its expected to perfmorm an analysis and verify if the system work. In addition, chapter 6 proposes other future challenges to be carried out.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
COMPOSTAJE , RESIDUOS ORGANICOS , SISTEMA DE SANEAMIENTO