Publication: APLICACIÓN DE METODOLOGÍA PARA INDICADORES DE CIRCULARIDAD EN FASE DE CONSTRUCCIÓN DE PLANTAS GENERADORAS DE ENERGÍA ELÉCTRICA
Date
2019
Authors
MEZA LARA, ALEJANDRO IGNACIO
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Abstract
La economía circular es un concepto que está en desarrollo, que en los últimos años ha visto incrementado el interés de practicantes y académicos por su eficacia al momento de sistematizar el acercamiento al desarrollo sustentable, esto le ha permitido avanzar en la resolución de sus problemas de conceptualización y con ello un avance en la generación de métricas que otorguen la visión del cumplimiento de objetivos circulares. En este trabajo se comienza con una exposición de definiciones de economía circular para poder definir los principios que acogerán la métrica a aplicar sobre las plantas de generación de energía de Enel de forma que sea aplicable a su plataforma MIMA.
La metodología de revisión consistió en una búsqueda de conceptos relacionados a la circularidad en páginas de revistas científicas, de las cuales se encontraron artículos de reseña que sirvieron como base para definir la circularidad y aplicarla a las plantas de generación. Se analizaron los principios en los que se funda, destacando su sistematicidad y el enfoque en el diseño restaurativo y regenerativo. El principio de las 3R’s sirve como base para comenzar a establecer la circularidad, lo que permite hacer un enfoque en los flujos de material de los procesos. Además, se presenta una serie de parámetros centrados a objetivos de eco-innovación clasificados en los ciclos técnicos y biológicos junto a una clasificación de los tipos de indicadores de circularidad que existen actualmente.
Se analizó la pertinencia de los análisis de ciclo de vida (ACV) como fuente de información para el indicador concluyendo que si bien tienen un enfoque “de la cuna a la tumba” son la visión más detallada de los flujos de material, enfocado en los análisis del sector de construcción. Estos han tenido avances innovando el mismo análisis de ciclo de vida, integrando nuevos materiales y metodologías que han permitido optimizar los procesos de construcción y disminuir los impactos ambientales de los edificios.
La metodología seleccionada se basa en los análisis de flujo de material y entrega un resultado de 0.39 y 0.4 (de 0 a 1) de circularidad para dos casos de estudios, una planta de generación eólica y una planta solar respectivamente. El modelo está limitado por la información del ACV y solo representa la cantidad de materiales que son tienen comportamiento circular en el sistema sin incluir los impactos de cada uno y para complementar al indicador se presenta un análisis de correlación entre huellas de carbono, hídricas y sus flujos de material. Al respecto se concluye que la circularidad es aplicable cuando se disminuyen estos impactos y se entregó un ejemplo de esta aplicación que disminuye hasta en un 13% la emisión de carbono de la construcción de la planta eólica junto con un esquema que permite de forma general realizar este tipo de análisis.
Finalmente se recomienda seguir investigando sobre la circularidad, pues esta aproximación entrega las brechas de información que tiene como reto la empresa a sobrepasar para obtener una circularidad acorde a los objetivos de desarrollo sustentable.
The circular economy is a concept that is in development, which in recent years has seen an increase in the interest of practitioners and academics for its effectiveness in systematizing the approach to sustainable development, this has allowed it to advance in the resolution of its problems of conceptualization and with it an advance in the generation of metrics that grant the vision of the fulfillment of circular objectives. This paper begins with an exposition of circular economy definitions in order to define the principles that will receive the metrics to be applied to Enel power generation plants in a way that is applicable to its MIMA platform. The revision methodology consisted in a search for concepts related to circularity in pages of scientific journals, of which review articles were found that served as a basis to define the circularity and apply it to the generation plants. The principles on which it is based were analyzed, highlighting its systematicity and the focus on restorative and regenerative design. The principle of the 3R's serves as a basis to begin to establish the circularity, which allows us to focus on the material flows of the processes. In addition, a series of parameters focused on eco-innovation objectives classified in the technical and biological cycles are presented together with a classification of the types of circularity indicators that currently exist. The relevance of life cycle analysis (LCA) as a source of information for the indicator was analyzed, concluding that although they have a "cradle to grave" approach, they are the most detailed view of material flows, focused on the analysis of the construction sector. These have had advances innovating the same analysis of life cycle, integrating new materials and methodologies that have allowed to optimize the construction processes and reduce the environmental impacts of buildings. The selected methodology is based on the material flow analysis and delivers a result of 0.39 and 0.4 (from 0 to 1) of circularity for two case studies, a wind generation plant and a solar plant respectively. The model is limited by the information of the LCA and only represents the number of materials that are circular in the system without including the impacts of each and to complement the indicator, a correlation analysis is presented between carbon footprints, water and its flows of material. In this regard, it is concluded that the circularity is applicable when these impacts are diminished and an example of this application was delivered, which reduces the emission of carbon from the construction of the wind power plant by 13%, together with a scheme that allows a general this type of analysis. Finally, it is recommended to continue researching the circularity, because this approach delivers the information gaps that the company has to challenge to overcome in order to obtain a circularity consistent with the objectives of sustainable development.
The circular economy is a concept that is in development, which in recent years has seen an increase in the interest of practitioners and academics for its effectiveness in systematizing the approach to sustainable development, this has allowed it to advance in the resolution of its problems of conceptualization and with it an advance in the generation of metrics that grant the vision of the fulfillment of circular objectives. This paper begins with an exposition of circular economy definitions in order to define the principles that will receive the metrics to be applied to Enel power generation plants in a way that is applicable to its MIMA platform. The revision methodology consisted in a search for concepts related to circularity in pages of scientific journals, of which review articles were found that served as a basis to define the circularity and apply it to the generation plants. The principles on which it is based were analyzed, highlighting its systematicity and the focus on restorative and regenerative design. The principle of the 3R's serves as a basis to begin to establish the circularity, which allows us to focus on the material flows of the processes. In addition, a series of parameters focused on eco-innovation objectives classified in the technical and biological cycles are presented together with a classification of the types of circularity indicators that currently exist. The relevance of life cycle analysis (LCA) as a source of information for the indicator was analyzed, concluding that although they have a "cradle to grave" approach, they are the most detailed view of material flows, focused on the analysis of the construction sector. These have had advances innovating the same analysis of life cycle, integrating new materials and methodologies that have allowed to optimize the construction processes and reduce the environmental impacts of buildings. The selected methodology is based on the material flow analysis and delivers a result of 0.39 and 0.4 (from 0 to 1) of circularity for two case studies, a wind generation plant and a solar plant respectively. The model is limited by the information of the LCA and only represents the number of materials that are circular in the system without including the impacts of each and to complement the indicator, a correlation analysis is presented between carbon footprints, water and its flows of material. In this regard, it is concluded that the circularity is applicable when these impacts are diminished and an example of this application was delivered, which reduces the emission of carbon from the construction of the wind power plant by 13%, together with a scheme that allows a general this type of analysis. Finally, it is recommended to continue researching the circularity, because this approach delivers the information gaps that the company has to challenge to overcome in order to obtain a circularity consistent with the objectives of sustainable development.
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Keywords
ECONOMIA CIRCULAR , INDICADORES DE CIRCULARIDAD , GENERACION DE ENERGIA ELECTRICA