Thesis DESARROLLO DE UN MODELO DE GESTIÓN PARA UN USO ÓPTIMO Y EFICIENTE DE LOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS
Date
2018
Authors
MIMURA MONTERO, CRISTIAN HARUO
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Abstract
Chile es propietario de una gran cantidad de recursos hídricos, los cuales reúnen una serie de características de alto valor desde el punto de vista económico, industrial, medioambiental, turístico, etc. Lamentablemente, por la diversidad climática del país debido a su largo, los recursos hídricos no se encuentran repartidos de forma equitativa, si a eso se le suma la dificultad de acceder al agua, su calidad y su sobrexplotación debido a la agricultura, industrias y uso civil, a futuro generara un gran déficit desde la zona centro hasta el norte del país, en donde la demanda superara por mucho a la oferta, provocando falencias en el sector urbano, industrial, minero y agrícola.Por esta razón, es que se plantea el “desarrollo de un modelo de gestión para un uso óptimo y eficiente de los recursos hídricos”, en donde se pretende contextualizar focos del tipo legal, económico, cultural, etc. En relación al manejo de los recursos hídricos nacionales y principalmente de la región de Valparaíso. Además se desea identificar las problemáticas y falencias respecto a la gestión actual de los recursos hídricos de tal manera de encontrar un plan de mitigación. Hecho lo anterior, la idea principal es desarrollar estrategias, políticas, soluciones y protocolos que permitan un uso eficiente de los recursos hídricos, todo esto, relacionado a la Ingeniería Mecánica.La forma en la que se pretende el desarrollo de esta memoria es mediante el uso y aplicación de la ISO 31000, la cual señala normas sobre la gestión de riesgos que trabaja mediante la estructura de contextualizar, identificar, analizar, evaluar y tratar el riesgo, complementado con un diagrama de Ishikawa (causa-efecto) que presenta como se relacionan los problemas con sus efectos, un análisis FODA (fortalezas, oportunidades, debilidades y amenazas) el cual relaciona las fortalezas con las oportunidades, lo cual muestra las características que se pueden potenciar de la idea, mientras que las debilidades y amenazas, limitan la idea hasta donde se considera seguro, finalmente, se plantearan y se abrirá camino hacia tecnologías de generación de agua mediante membranas y/o electrodiálisis (no térmicas), en donde se analizaran distintas configuraciones junto a una mirada de autosustentabilidad desde las energías renovables.Terminada esta memoria, se espera que este trabajo de sea de gran aporte y ayuda para las zonas afectadas por la falta de recursos hídricos y que puedan sobrellevar este problema de mejor manera, para así asegurar un escenario óptimo para el desarrollo del país, las futuras generaciones y el medio ambiente.
Chile owns an enormous amount of water resources, which have several high value characteristics according to the point of view of economic, industrial, environmental, tourism sectors. Unfortunately, because of Chile’s climate diversity, due to its length, water resources are not distributed equitably. If to this we add the difficult access to water, its quality and the heavy exploitation by agriculture, industries and civil use, the future will bring a big deficit from the central part up to the north of the country. In this area, the available supply will be far exceeded by the demand. This situation will cause lack of water in the urban, industrial, mining and agricultural sectors.Due to this, “the development of a management model in order to put water resources to the best and effective use” is proposed. This model will gather issues related to law, economics, culture, etc. having in mind the best management of national water resources and, mainly, the ones in Valparaiso. Besides, we also pursue to identify problems and weaknesses of the current management of water resources. The purpose is to develop a mitigation plan. Having done this, the main idea is to develop strategies, policies, solutions and protocols that allow us an efficient use of water resources. The mechanical engineering has the main role to get the desired results.To develop this project, we have taken into consideration the use and application of ISO 31000 because it sets standards for risk management by working a structure of context, identification, analysis, evaluation and treatment of risk. We have also used the Ishikawua diagram (cause-effect) which relates the problems and their effects. We have conducted a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) of the project. By relating strengths to opportunities, we found the characteristics that boost the idea. By relating weaknesses and threats, we saw the limits of the idea, having in mind the safety of the plan. Finally, we propose technologies which generate water through membrane and/or electrodialysis (not thermal distillation) which analyze different alternatives together with a focus on selfsustaintability of renewable energies.The main purpose of this thesis is to help the areas which suffer lack of water resources and solve their problems in an effective way. If we succeed, we will assure the development of the country, the success of future generations and the respect of the environment.
Chile owns an enormous amount of water resources, which have several high value characteristics according to the point of view of economic, industrial, environmental, tourism sectors. Unfortunately, because of Chile’s climate diversity, due to its length, water resources are not distributed equitably. If to this we add the difficult access to water, its quality and the heavy exploitation by agriculture, industries and civil use, the future will bring a big deficit from the central part up to the north of the country. In this area, the available supply will be far exceeded by the demand. This situation will cause lack of water in the urban, industrial, mining and agricultural sectors.Due to this, “the development of a management model in order to put water resources to the best and effective use” is proposed. This model will gather issues related to law, economics, culture, etc. having in mind the best management of national water resources and, mainly, the ones in Valparaiso. Besides, we also pursue to identify problems and weaknesses of the current management of water resources. The purpose is to develop a mitigation plan. Having done this, the main idea is to develop strategies, policies, solutions and protocols that allow us an efficient use of water resources. The mechanical engineering has the main role to get the desired results.To develop this project, we have taken into consideration the use and application of ISO 31000 because it sets standards for risk management by working a structure of context, identification, analysis, evaluation and treatment of risk. We have also used the Ishikawua diagram (cause-effect) which relates the problems and their effects. We have conducted a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) of the project. By relating strengths to opportunities, we found the characteristics that boost the idea. By relating weaknesses and threats, we saw the limits of the idea, having in mind the safety of the plan. Finally, we propose technologies which generate water through membrane and/or electrodialysis (not thermal distillation) which analyze different alternatives together with a focus on selfsustaintability of renewable energies.The main purpose of this thesis is to help the areas which suffer lack of water resources and solve their problems in an effective way. If we succeed, we will assure the development of the country, the success of future generations and the respect of the environment.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
DESALINIZACION , MODELO DE GESTION , RECURSOS HIDRICOS