Thesis MEDICIÓN DEL EFECTO DE LA INSTALACIÓN DE UNA LÁMINA REFLECTORA Y SELECTIVA DE RADIACIÓN SOLAR EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE ENERGÍA ELÉCTRICA DE UN PANEL FOTOVOLTAICO
Date
2017
Authors
TEITELMAN LIPCHENCA, IAN
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Abstract
Este estudio se enfoca en el efecto producido sobre un panel fotovoltaico de silicio monocristalino de potencia nominal 250 [W] al instalar un concentrador solar para aumentar la radiación incidente. Este concentrador solar, está construido básicamente por una lámina reflectora selectiva de radiación adherida a un vidrio templado incoloro posicionado en frente del panel. Esta lámina es un film desarrollado por la empresa 3M que refleja solo la radiación de longitud de onda útil para el panel fotovoltaico, evitando reflejar una fracción del espectro que solo aporta a un aumento de temperatura del panel, efecto no deseado.En Estados Unidos hay empresas que utilizan este producto y hay reportes de que pueden producir hasta un 17% más de potencia en el mismo espacio en comparación a una planta sin los reflectores. En Chile la empresa 3M tiene la oportunidad de vender este film, pero no ha podido introducirlo en el mercado por diversos motivos, siendo uno de ellos la falta de información respaldada seriamente de cómo podría afectar este reflector al panel y su producción de energía. A raíz de esta situación y en cooperación entre 3M y la Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María se decide realizar un estudio de forma comparativa entre dos paneles iguales, uno con el reflector y otro sin.Para llevar a cabo el estudio, se realizaron modificaciones a la infraestructura disponible en el techo del edificio de mecánica del campus San Joaquín, fabricando estructuras que permitieran variar el ángulo de inclinación de los paneles. También se construyó el soporte para el reflector y estructuras para los instrumentos de medición. Como segunda fase, se diseñó el experimento y se decidió estudiar las variables de radiación, potencia y temperatura de cada panel en 3 configuraciones distintas. Parte importante del estudio fue la de validar las mediciones a realizar mediante pruebas y calibración de los inversores, piranómetros y termocuplas.Finalmente se procesaron los datos y se reveló hasta un aumento de un 9% en la potencia, correspondiente a 16 [W] extra en el panel con el reflector. La radiación se elevó en 150 [W/m2] y la temperatura subió 5 [oC]. Adicionalmente se revelaron efectos visuales y del polvo acumulado. Estos resultados dan pie para seguir estudiando y optimizando la utilización de esta tecnología.
This study focuses on the effect of a nominal monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel 250 [W] when installing a solar concentrator to increase incident radiation. This solar concentrator is basically constructed of a selective radiation reflective sheet attached to a colorless tempered glass positioned in front of the panel. This film is a film developed by the company 3M that reflects only the wavelength radiation useful for the photovoltaic panel, avoiding to reflect a fraction of the spectrum that only contributes to a panel temperature increase, which is undesired effect.In the United States there are companies that use this product and there are reports that they can produce up to 17% more power in the same space compared to a plant without the reflectors. In Chile the company 3M has the opportunity to sell this film, but it has not been able to introduce it in the market for several reasons, one of them being the lack of information seriously backed on how this reflector could affect the panel and its energy production. As a result of this situation and in cooperation between 3M and the Federico Santa María Technical University, it was decided to carry out a comparative study between two equal panels, one with the reflector and the other without.To carry out the study, modifications were made to the available infrastructure in the roof of the building of the San Joaquin campus, fabricating structures that allowed to vary the angle of inclination of the panels. We also built the support for the reflector and structures for the measuring instruments. As a second phase, the experiment was designed and it was decided to study the radiation, power and temperature variables of each panel in 3 different configurations. An important part of the study was to validate the measurements to be carried out by means of tests and calibration of the inverters, pyranometers and thermocouples.Finally the data were processed and revealed up to a 9% increase in power, corresponding to 16 extra [W] in the panel with the reflector. The radiation increase by 150 [W / m2] and the temperature also increase by 5 [oC]. Additionally visual effects and accumulated dust were revealed. These results provide the opportunity to further study and optimization of the use of this technology.
This study focuses on the effect of a nominal monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel 250 [W] when installing a solar concentrator to increase incident radiation. This solar concentrator is basically constructed of a selective radiation reflective sheet attached to a colorless tempered glass positioned in front of the panel. This film is a film developed by the company 3M that reflects only the wavelength radiation useful for the photovoltaic panel, avoiding to reflect a fraction of the spectrum that only contributes to a panel temperature increase, which is undesired effect.In the United States there are companies that use this product and there are reports that they can produce up to 17% more power in the same space compared to a plant without the reflectors. In Chile the company 3M has the opportunity to sell this film, but it has not been able to introduce it in the market for several reasons, one of them being the lack of information seriously backed on how this reflector could affect the panel and its energy production. As a result of this situation and in cooperation between 3M and the Federico Santa María Technical University, it was decided to carry out a comparative study between two equal panels, one with the reflector and the other without.To carry out the study, modifications were made to the available infrastructure in the roof of the building of the San Joaquin campus, fabricating structures that allowed to vary the angle of inclination of the panels. We also built the support for the reflector and structures for the measuring instruments. As a second phase, the experiment was designed and it was decided to study the radiation, power and temperature variables of each panel in 3 different configurations. An important part of the study was to validate the measurements to be carried out by means of tests and calibration of the inverters, pyranometers and thermocouples.Finally the data were processed and revealed up to a 9% increase in power, corresponding to 16 extra [W] in the panel with the reflector. The radiation increase by 150 [W / m2] and the temperature also increase by 5 [oC]. Additionally visual effects and accumulated dust were revealed. These results provide the opportunity to further study and optimization of the use of this technology.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
LAMINA REFLECTORA SELECTIVA , PANEL FOTOVOLTAICO , PRODUCCION DE ENERGIA ELECTRICA , RADIACION SOLAR