Publication: PANEL SIP/CORTAFUEGO A BASE DE ESTUCO EN TIERRA
Date
2013
Authors
CASTILLO GUERRA, LEONARDO RAMÓN
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Abstract
La situación actual en las quebradas de Valparaíso y las grandes pérdidas provocadas por incendios en los últimos años deja en evidencia la falta de iniciativas por parte de la comunidad y entidades gubernamentales en mitigar de forma concreta, sistemática y operativa, la precaria situación de viviendas en zonas de riesgo de la comuna. La falta de recursos constituye un factor importante en la resolución de actividades que ayuden a evitar el inicio o propagación de un incendio, pero la falta de creatividad en buscar soluciones simples y económicas, o la exploración de nuevos materiales, deja a la deriva a viviendasen situación de riesgo en las quebradas de Valparaíso.De tal manera que esta investigación busca aportar y desarrollar un sistema constructivo a base de Paneles SIP estucados en tierra para una vivienda básica en quebradas, capaces de resistir altas temperaturas generadas por incendios de distinta índole (Forestales, Particulares, Catástrofes Naturales, Etc.). Indagando sistemas constructivos actuales, que permitan generar nuevas configuraciones, reciclando o economizando de estos mismos elementos, aportando con un sistema liviano, económico y ecológico para las viviendas en riesgo de incendio.La metodología de investigación se constituye en dos etapas, la primera parte analiza el Marco teórico actual en Chile de sistemas constructivos existentes de forma natural y en el mercado, observando materialidades con cualidades ignifugas en elementos cotidianos como también el marco legal regulador de sistemas constructivos, a fin de comparar sus cualidades y variables económicas. Se investiga además casos particulares de viviendas incendiadas en Valparaíso, analizando características específicas de materiales resistentes al fuego como también variables del lugar.En segundo lugar, el Marco Practico plantea en primera instancia un ensayo no oficial o artesanal de resistencia al fuego, sujeto bajo las condiciones de la Norma Chilena NCH 935-1 actual, aplicado a la utilización de Tierra o Suelo Refinado como material ignifugo de ensayo. Y en segundo lugar plantea la aplicación de este material como revestimiento natural ignifugo reutilizable, sustentado en la necesidad desarrollar un sistema constructivo de rápido armado, reutilizado o reciclado y resistente al fuego.
The current situation in the valleys of Valparaíso and the large losses caused by fires in recent years shows the lack of initiatives by the community and government entities to mitigate in a concrete, systematic and operational manner, the precarious housing situation in risk areas of the commune. Lack of resources is an important factor in the resolution of activities that help prevent the start or spread of a fire, but the lack of creativity in finding simple and inexpensive solutions, or the exploration of new materials, leaves homes drifting at risk in the valleys of Valparaíso.In such a way that this research seeks to contribute and develop a constructive system based on SIP Panels coated on land for a basic dwelling in streams, capable of withstanding high temperatures generated by different kinds of fires (Forestry, Private, Natural Catastrophes, Etc.) . Inquiring current constructive systems, that allow to generate new configurations, recycling or economizing of these same elements, contributing with a light, economic and ecological system for homes at risk of fire.The research methodology is constituted in two stages, the first part analyzes the current theoretical framework in Chile of existing constructive systems in a natural way and in the market, observing materialities with fireproof qualities in everyday elements as well as the regulatory legal framework of constructive systems, in order to compare their qualities and economic variables. It also investigates particular cases of homes burned in Valparaíso, analyzing specific characteristics of fire resistant materials as well as local variables.Secondly, the Practical Framework proposes in the first instance an unofficial or artisan fire resistance test, subject to the conditions of the current Chilean Standard NCH 935-1, applied to the use of Earth or Refined Soil as fireproof test material . And secondly, it proposes the application of this material as a reusable fireproof natural coating, based on the need to develop a construction system that is quick to assemble, reused or recycled and resistant to fire.
The current situation in the valleys of Valparaíso and the large losses caused by fires in recent years shows the lack of initiatives by the community and government entities to mitigate in a concrete, systematic and operational manner, the precarious housing situation in risk areas of the commune. Lack of resources is an important factor in the resolution of activities that help prevent the start or spread of a fire, but the lack of creativity in finding simple and inexpensive solutions, or the exploration of new materials, leaves homes drifting at risk in the valleys of Valparaíso.In such a way that this research seeks to contribute and develop a constructive system based on SIP Panels coated on land for a basic dwelling in streams, capable of withstanding high temperatures generated by different kinds of fires (Forestry, Private, Natural Catastrophes, Etc.) . Inquiring current constructive systems, that allow to generate new configurations, recycling or economizing of these same elements, contributing with a light, economic and ecological system for homes at risk of fire.The research methodology is constituted in two stages, the first part analyzes the current theoretical framework in Chile of existing constructive systems in a natural way and in the market, observing materialities with fireproof qualities in everyday elements as well as the regulatory legal framework of constructive systems, in order to compare their qualities and economic variables. It also investigates particular cases of homes burned in Valparaíso, analyzing specific characteristics of fire resistant materials as well as local variables.Secondly, the Practical Framework proposes in the first instance an unofficial or artisan fire resistance test, subject to the conditions of the current Chilean Standard NCH 935-1, applied to the use of Earth or Refined Soil as fireproof test material . And secondly, it proposes the application of this material as a reusable fireproof natural coating, based on the need to develop a construction system that is quick to assemble, reused or recycled and resistant to fire.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
ESTUCO EN TIERRA , MURO CORTAFUEGO , PANEL SIP