Thesis REVISIÓN Y MEJORAS A LA ACTUAL LEY DE NET MERETING EN CHILE
Date
2017
Authors
GONZÁLEZ ORMAZÁBAL, PAULO CÉSAR
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Abstract
El término “autoconsumo” se utiliza para designar el proceso por el que instalaciones generan electricidad de manera distribuida con el objetivo de que esta sea consumida de manera local. En la mayoría de los casos la instalación consiste en un conjunto de paneles fotovoltaicos instalados en el tejado de una vivienda que producen parte de la electricidad que se consume en ella.El autoconsumo conlleva una serie de ventajas económicas, ambientales y sociales que hacen que su desarrollo en Chile, como en el resto del mundo, sea muy deseable. La generación de electricidad mediante renovables disminuye la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero y otros contaminantes y, al mismo tiempo, reduce la importación de combustibles fósiles mejorando tanto la balanza comercial como la soberanía energética de nuestro país. El autoconsumo también aumenta la eficiencia del sistema ya que las pérdidas causadas por el transporte de electricidad disminuyen cuando la generación te realiza en el lugar de consumo.Además de las ventajas anteriores, el autoconsumo posibilita un cambio de paradigma en el sistema de generación eléctrica. La razón principal es que permite transitar desde un modelo basado en grandes centrales de generación, a otro donde la electricidad se genera a través de un gran número de pequeñas instalaciones cuya propiedad y gestión puede estar mucho más repartida.La normativa del autoconsumo en Chile parte en el año 2004 con la promulgación de la Ley Corta o Ley 19.940, la cual estuvo orientada principalmente a corregir el sistema de pago al sistema de transmisión. Básicamente regula los sistemas de transporte de energía eléctrica estableciendo un nuevo régimen de tarifas para sistemas eléctricos medianos e introduce las adecuaciones a la ley general de servicios eléctricos. Posterior a eso, en el año 2008, se promulgó la Ley Corta II o Ley 20.257, siendo el primer acercamiento con las energías renovables, buscando crear una demanda por proyectos de inversión en este tipo de energías. Básicamente establece que a partir del año 2010 todas las empresas eléctricas del SIC y SING que retiran de sistemas con más de 200 MW de capacidad instaladadeberán abastecer un suministro del 5% de sus ventas anuales de electricidad en base a ERNC. Estas leyes junto con otras más permitieron llegar a la promulgación de la Ley 20.571 en el año 2012, la cual da derecho a clientes regulados de las Empresas Distribuidoras a generar su propia energía eléctrica, mediante medios renovables no convencionales o de cogeneración eficiente, auto-consumirla y vender sus excedentes de energía a la empresas distribuidoras.
The term "self-consumption" is used to designate the process by which facilities generate electricity in a distributed manner so that it is consumed locally. In most cases, the facility consists of a set of photovoltaic panels installed on the roof of a house that produce part of the electricity consumed in it.Self-consumption entails a series of economic, environmental and social advantages that make its development in Chile, as in the rest of the world, very desirable. The generation of electricity through renewables reduces the emission of greenhouse gases and other pollutants and, at the same time, reduces the import of fossil fuels improving both the trade balance and the energy sovereignty of our country. Self-consumption also increases the efficiency of the system since the losses caused by the transport of electricity decrease when the generation is done at the place of consumption.In addition to the above advantages, self-consumption enables a paradigm shift in the electricity generation system. The main reason is that it allows transit from a model based on large generation plants, to another where electricity is generated through a large number of small installations whose ownership and management can be much more distributed.The regulation of self-consumption in Chile starts in 2004 with the enactment of the Short Law or Law 19,940, which was mainly oriented to correct the system of payment to the transmission system. It basically regulates electric power transport systems, establishing a new tariff regime for medium electrical systems and introduces adjustments to the general electric service law. After that, in 2008, the Short Law II or Law 20.257 was enacted, being the first approach with renewable energies, seeking to create a demand for investment projects in this type of energy. Basically, it establishes that, starting in 2010, all SIC and SING electric companies that withdraw from systems with more than 200 MW of installed capacity must supply a 5% supply of their annual electricity sales based on NCRE. These laws, together with others, allowed for the enactment of Law 20,571 in 2012, which entitles regulated customers of the Distribution Companies to generate their own electricity, through non-conventional renewable means or efficient cogeneration, auto- consume it andsell its surplus energy to the distribution companies.
The term "self-consumption" is used to designate the process by which facilities generate electricity in a distributed manner so that it is consumed locally. In most cases, the facility consists of a set of photovoltaic panels installed on the roof of a house that produce part of the electricity consumed in it.Self-consumption entails a series of economic, environmental and social advantages that make its development in Chile, as in the rest of the world, very desirable. The generation of electricity through renewables reduces the emission of greenhouse gases and other pollutants and, at the same time, reduces the import of fossil fuels improving both the trade balance and the energy sovereignty of our country. Self-consumption also increases the efficiency of the system since the losses caused by the transport of electricity decrease when the generation is done at the place of consumption.In addition to the above advantages, self-consumption enables a paradigm shift in the electricity generation system. The main reason is that it allows transit from a model based on large generation plants, to another where electricity is generated through a large number of small installations whose ownership and management can be much more distributed.The regulation of self-consumption in Chile starts in 2004 with the enactment of the Short Law or Law 19,940, which was mainly oriented to correct the system of payment to the transmission system. It basically regulates electric power transport systems, establishing a new tariff regime for medium electrical systems and introduces adjustments to the general electric service law. After that, in 2008, the Short Law II or Law 20.257 was enacted, being the first approach with renewable energies, seeking to create a demand for investment projects in this type of energy. Basically, it establishes that, starting in 2010, all SIC and SING electric companies that withdraw from systems with more than 200 MW of installed capacity must supply a 5% supply of their annual electricity sales based on NCRE. These laws, together with others, allowed for the enactment of Law 20,571 in 2012, which entitles regulated customers of the Distribution Companies to generate their own electricity, through non-conventional renewable means or efficient cogeneration, auto- consume it andsell its surplus energy to the distribution companies.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
EFICIENCIA ENERGETICA , ERNC , LEY DE NET MERETING