Thesis MONTOS DE LAS PENSIONES DE VEJEZ EN CHILE: PROPUESTAS DE MEJORAS
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Date
2017
Authors
SAAVEDRA FARÍAS, DANIELA FERNANDA
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Abstract
En medio del debate ciudadano sobre el rol y desempeño de las AFP surge la pregunta principal de esta memoria ¿está el sistema actual cumpliendo el que debería ser su fin principal, entregar un adecuado nivel de vida alas personas que jubilan?El objetivo es generar propuestas para mejorar el sistema de pensiones a partir de un análisis del sistema de pensiones actual, desde la perspectiva histórica y proyecciones para los próximos años, junto con un análisis del mercado laboral, sus principales características y sus imperfecciones más importantes.Los principales resultados observados fueron un mercado laboral en crecimiento con una tasa de desempleo estable, con baja participación femenina, desigualdades notorias en la distribución, con un sector informal, precarioy de bajos ingresos. Por otro lado, un sistema de pensiones que ha avanzado con reformas recientes hacia un sistemamixto tripartito, sin embargo se ha restringido a los quintiles de menores ingresos, generando una suerte de dosclases de pensiones: quienes pueden acceder al pilar solidario y quienes pueden acceder a rentas vitalicias. A partirde la metodología desarrollada se comprobó empíricamente el impacto de la rentabilidad de los fondos de pensionesen el monto final, además del traspaso de las precariedades del mercado laboral en las pensiones: tanto la distribuciónde los ingresos como las lagunas previsionales disminuyen el monto de pensión.Finalmente las propuestas buscan, dentro de los marcos del sistema actual: aumentar la rentabilidad ysolidaridad del sistema; enfrentar los cambios demográficos y culturales de la sociedad chilena; y alinear losobjetivos de los actores.
In the middle of the citizen debate on the role and performance of AFPs, the main question arises in thismemory: is the real system fulfilling what should be its main end, giving an adequate level of life to the people whoretire?The objective is to generate proposals to improve the pension system based on an analysis of the real pensionsystem, from the historical perspective and projections for the coming years, together with an analysis of the labormarket, its main characteristics and its most important imperfections.The main results observed were a growing labor market with a stable unemployment rate, with low femaleparticipation, notorious inequalities in distribution, with an informal, precarious and low income sector. On the otherhand, a pension system that has advanced with reforms for a mixed tripartite system, however has been restricted tomarginal income quintiles, generating two kind of pensions: those that can access a pillar of solidarity and those thatcan be accessed annuities. Based on the methodology developed, the impact of the pension funds’ profitability inthe final amount was verified empirically, in addition to the transfer of the precariousness of the labor market inpensions: both the distribution of income and the pension gaps decrease the amount pension.Finally, the proposals seek, within the framework of the current system: to increase the profitability and thesolidarity of the system; To confront the demographic and cultural changes of the chilean society; and align theobjectives of the actors.
In the middle of the citizen debate on the role and performance of AFPs, the main question arises in thismemory: is the real system fulfilling what should be its main end, giving an adequate level of life to the people whoretire?The objective is to generate proposals to improve the pension system based on an analysis of the real pensionsystem, from the historical perspective and projections for the coming years, together with an analysis of the labormarket, its main characteristics and its most important imperfections.The main results observed were a growing labor market with a stable unemployment rate, with low femaleparticipation, notorious inequalities in distribution, with an informal, precarious and low income sector. On the otherhand, a pension system that has advanced with reforms for a mixed tripartite system, however has been restricted tomarginal income quintiles, generating two kind of pensions: those that can access a pillar of solidarity and those thatcan be accessed annuities. Based on the methodology developed, the impact of the pension funds’ profitability inthe final amount was verified empirically, in addition to the transfer of the precariousness of the labor market inpensions: both the distribution of income and the pension gaps decrease the amount pension.Finally, the proposals seek, within the framework of the current system: to increase the profitability and thesolidarity of the system; To confront the demographic and cultural changes of the chilean society; and align theobjectives of the actors.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
AFP , PENSIONES JUBILADOS , PROPUESTAS DE MEJORAS