Thesis EL GRAN GATSBY Y LA OCDE
Date
2016
Authors
AVALOS RAMIREZ, HANS DIETER
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Abstract
El tema central de la investigación es la movilidad social y de qué forma ésta esafectada por la desigualdad económica y de oportunidades. El análisis de la situaciónexistente a nivel mundial se realiza en base a estudios de organismos internacionales yespecializados, e informes oficiales de autoridades chilenas y especialistas en el tema anivel nacional. Se profundiza especialmente en aspectos relacionados con ladesigualdad de ingresos y de oportunidades, como variables importantes que afectan ala movilidad social y crecimiento económico de los países de los países, así como lainfluencia que tiene la riqueza o status social de los padres en el bienestar y riqueza desus hijos.En el desarrollo de la investigación y luego de analizados los temas descritos, seestudian las políticas públicas y económicas que algunos países desarrollan pararesolver este tema, ilustrando con gráficos y estudios que permiten tener una visión decómo se mueve la desigualdad entre países. La desigualdad económica es medida porel coeficiente de Gini, el cual mantiene un rango entre 0 a 1, en donde los países con unnivel más cercano a 0 tienen niveles mayores de igualdad y movilidad social, con unaeconomía más estable y madura, con mayor movilidad social en donde sus habitantespresentan bajos índices de delincuencia y de consumo de drogas, bajos índices deembarazos juveniles y con una mayor esperanza de vida.A medida que se avanza en la lectura, se profundiza en los conceptos de movilidadsocial y lo que muestra “la curva del gran Gatsby” vinculando la elasticidadintergeneracional de ingresos y el coeficiente de Gini, permitiendo observar cómo enalgunos países la riqueza de los padres influye en la riqueza de los hijos, y la forma enque la desigualdad económica, las políticas públicas y económicas, y los gruposdominantes van influyendo en la movilidad social de sus habitantes.En base a los análisis se puede observar que aquellos países con niveles altos demovilidad social tienen un desarrollo económico mayor con sociedad consideradas másjustas; y en contraposición, se ha podido constatar en otros países que la movilidadsocial es impactada fuertemente por el ingreso de sus habitantes y la desigualdad deingresos de estos, existe una baja movilidad en donde es difícil que el hijo de unapersona de escasos recursos pueda a llegar a ser rico, aun estudiando, al contrario queen los países de alta movilidad social en donde el hijo de rico aun no estudiando tienemás posibilidades de ser rico.En este estudio se ha podido conocer otras facetas de Chile, que lo han convertido enuno de los países del mundo que tiene menos movilidad social, ante lo cual sepresentan propuestas para disminuir los índices de desigualdad existentes actualmente,contribuyendo con ello a elevar el nivel de movilidad del país.
The focus of research is social mobility and how it is affected by economic inequalityand opportunity. The analysis of the situation worldwide is performed based on studiesof international and specialized agencies, and official reports of Chilean authorities andexperts on the subject at national level. It is especially delves into issues related toincome inequality and opportunities, as important variables that affect social mobilityand economic growth of countries countries and the influence of wealth or social statusof parents in the wealth and welfare of their children.The focus of research is social mobility and how it is affected by economic inequalityand opportunity. The analysis of the situation worldwide is performed based on studiesof international and specialized agencies, and official reports of Chilean authorities andexperts on the subject at national level. It is especially delves into issues related toincome inequality and opportunities, as important variables that affect social mobilityand economic growth of countries countries and the influence of wealth or social statusof parents in the wealth and welfare of their children.In the development of research and then analyzed the topics discussed, public andeconomic policies are studied some developed countries to resolve this issue,illustrating with charts and studies to have a vision of how inequality betweencountries moves. Economic inequality is measured by the Gini coefficient, whichmaintains a range between 0 to 1, where countries with a level closer to 0 have higherlevels of equality and social mobility, with a more stable and mature economy, greatersocial mobility where people have low rates of crime and drug use, lower rates of teenpregnancy and greater life expectancy.As you progress in reading, it delves into the concepts of social mobility and showing"the curve of the great Gatsby" linking intergenerational elasticity of income and theGini coefficient, allowing to observe how in some countries wealth parents influencechildren's wealth, and how economic inequality, public and economic policies, and thedominant groups are influencing the social mobility of its inhabitants.Based on the analysis it can be seen that countries with high levels of social mobilityhave greater economic development considered fairer society; and in contrast, it hasbeen noted in other countries that social mobility is strongly impacted by the income ofits inhabitants and income inequality of these, there is a low mobility where it isdifficult for the son of a poor person can to become rich, even studying, unlike incountries with high social mobility where the rich still studying child has no chance ofbeing rich.This study has been able to learn about other facets of Chile, who have become one ofthe countries in the world that has less social mobility, at which proposals arepresented to reduce rates currently existing inequality, thereby contributing to raisingthe level of mobility in the country.
The focus of research is social mobility and how it is affected by economic inequalityand opportunity. The analysis of the situation worldwide is performed based on studiesof international and specialized agencies, and official reports of Chilean authorities andexperts on the subject at national level. It is especially delves into issues related toincome inequality and opportunities, as important variables that affect social mobilityand economic growth of countries countries and the influence of wealth or social statusof parents in the wealth and welfare of their children.The focus of research is social mobility and how it is affected by economic inequalityand opportunity. The analysis of the situation worldwide is performed based on studiesof international and specialized agencies, and official reports of Chilean authorities andexperts on the subject at national level. It is especially delves into issues related toincome inequality and opportunities, as important variables that affect social mobilityand economic growth of countries countries and the influence of wealth or social statusof parents in the wealth and welfare of their children.In the development of research and then analyzed the topics discussed, public andeconomic policies are studied some developed countries to resolve this issue,illustrating with charts and studies to have a vision of how inequality betweencountries moves. Economic inequality is measured by the Gini coefficient, whichmaintains a range between 0 to 1, where countries with a level closer to 0 have higherlevels of equality and social mobility, with a more stable and mature economy, greatersocial mobility where people have low rates of crime and drug use, lower rates of teenpregnancy and greater life expectancy.As you progress in reading, it delves into the concepts of social mobility and showing"the curve of the great Gatsby" linking intergenerational elasticity of income and theGini coefficient, allowing to observe how in some countries wealth parents influencechildren's wealth, and how economic inequality, public and economic policies, and thedominant groups are influencing the social mobility of its inhabitants.Based on the analysis it can be seen that countries with high levels of social mobilityhave greater economic development considered fairer society; and in contrast, it hasbeen noted in other countries that social mobility is strongly impacted by the income ofits inhabitants and income inequality of these, there is a low mobility where it isdifficult for the son of a poor person can to become rich, even studying, unlike incountries with high social mobility where the rich still studying child has no chance ofbeing rich.This study has been able to learn about other facets of Chile, who have become one ofthe countries in the world that has less social mobility, at which proposals arepresented to reduce rates currently existing inequality, thereby contributing to raisingthe level of mobility in the country.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
DESIGUALDAD , GRAN GATSBY , MOVILIDAD SOCIAL , OCDE