Thesis DISEÑO Y SELECCIÓN DE COMPONENTES DE UNA MÁQUINA BRIQUETEADORA DE MEDIANA CAPACIDAD
Date
2017
Authors
VENEGAS MARTÍNEZ, IGNACIO ANDRÉS
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Abstract
En el presente documento, se plantea el diseño de una maquina briqueteadora hidráulica demediana capacidad, la cual debe producir briquetas prismáticas a una capacidad estimada en150 kg/h. El diseño está orientado para desechos de la industria agroforestal, por lo que se haconsiderado como material de pruebas, el aserrín de pino radiata, el cual posee una humedadcontrolada y una granulometría menor a dos milímetros.El proceso de briqueteado consta de dos cilindros, el primero encargado de densificar elmaterial, el cual posee una densidad aparente muy baja. el segundo cilindro es el encargadode compactar completamente el material, hasta llevarlo a una densidad mayor a 1000 kg/m^3Para asegurar que la estructura de la maquina soporte los esfuerzos ejercidos por los cilindroshidráulicos, las piezas han sido sometidas a análisis de elementos finitos, donde seestablecieron los esfuerzos principales y las deformaciones máximas para cada componente.El sistema oleo hidráulico es alimentado por dos bombas en paralelo, la primero proporcionaun alto caudal a baja presión, para efectuar los movimientos de acercamiento y retroceso dellos cilindros, mientras que la segunda bomba aporta un pequeño caudal a una gran presión,para así poder finalizar el proceso de compresión. Para porcionar la materia prima, sedispondrá de un alimentador de tornillo, el cual controlara el ingreso de aserrín desde la tolvaa la cámara de pre compresión.La ejecución del proceso de briqueteado es comandado por un PLC, restringiendo al mínimola intervención del operador. Mediante sensores de posición y presostatos ubicados en loscilindros de compresión, el autómata programable ejecuta las etapas del briqueteado,asegurando una densidad acorde a la norma DIN 51731.
In the present document, it will be pose the design of a medium capacity hydraulicbriquetting machine, this machine must produce prismatic briquettes in a estimated flow of150 kg/h. The design is oriented to use the waste of the wood and agrarian industries, so thepino radiata's saw dust has been considerate like the ideal material for the compressive test,this sawdust has a controlled moisture content and a limp size less than two millimeters.The briquetting process uses two hydraulic cylinders, the first one has to pre charge thematerial, because the sawdust has a very low raw density, and the second one is in charge tothe full compress of the material, to finally get at least 1000 kg/m^3 of density . To ensure thatthe structure of the machine will support the stress exerted by the hydraulic cylinders, thecritical components has been tried with strain finite element methods, when the maximumdeformation and the maximum stress has been determinate.The oleo hydraulic system has two pumps mounted in parallel , the first pump has a big flowand a low pressure to make the close up movements and the backing down of the cylinders.The second pump, has a low flow and a high pressure to finish the compress process. Forprovide the material in to the pre compress chamber, will be used a screw feeder to mightcontrol the entry of sawdust from the hopper.The process will be commanded by a PLC, reducing to the minimum the operators'interventions . Through proximity sensors and pressure switch put in the compressorscylinders, the PLC execute the steps of briquetting ensuring a density accord to the DIN51731 norm.
In the present document, it will be pose the design of a medium capacity hydraulicbriquetting machine, this machine must produce prismatic briquettes in a estimated flow of150 kg/h. The design is oriented to use the waste of the wood and agrarian industries, so thepino radiata's saw dust has been considerate like the ideal material for the compressive test,this sawdust has a controlled moisture content and a limp size less than two millimeters.The briquetting process uses two hydraulic cylinders, the first one has to pre charge thematerial, because the sawdust has a very low raw density, and the second one is in charge tothe full compress of the material, to finally get at least 1000 kg/m^3 of density . To ensure thatthe structure of the machine will support the stress exerted by the hydraulic cylinders, thecritical components has been tried with strain finite element methods, when the maximumdeformation and the maximum stress has been determinate.The oleo hydraulic system has two pumps mounted in parallel , the first pump has a big flowand a low pressure to make the close up movements and the backing down of the cylinders.The second pump, has a low flow and a high pressure to finish the compress process. Forprovide the material in to the pre compress chamber, will be used a screw feeder to mightcontrol the entry of sawdust from the hopper.The process will be commanded by a PLC, reducing to the minimum the operators'interventions . Through proximity sensors and pressure switch put in the compressorscylinders, the PLC execute the steps of briquetting ensuring a density accord to the DIN51731 norm.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
BRIQUETEADORA , NORMA DIN 51731 , SELECCION DE COMPONENTES