Publication: "PROPUESTA DE MODIFICACIÓN DE NORMATIVA AMBIENTAL CHILENA PARA FOMENTO DE LA PRODUCCIÓN DISTRIBUIDA"
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Date
2017
Authors
JORQUERA IBARRA, VINKA PALOMA
JORQUERA IBARRA, VINKA PALOMA
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Abstract
La presente investigación tiene por objetivo la elaboración de una propuesta de modificación de normativa ambiental chilena para el fomento de la producción distribuida, mediante el análisis de legislación nacional e internacional y la identificación de factores relevantes que puedan favorecer su implementación. La producción distribuida es una estrategia de gestión territorial que consiste en establecer lugares en los cuales se realizará la instalación de una planta productiva, con el propósito que éstos sean determinados de acuerdo a las necesidades socio-económicas y ambientales del sector. Esta estrategia tiene por objetivo disminuir los impactos ambientales y costos logísticos; favorecer la descentralización del país; y reducir externalidades negativas producidas por grandes instalaciones industriales.La metodología para construir la propuesta comienza con el análisis de la normativa chilena, donde se distinguen dos factores relevantes para el fomento de la producción distribuida: Planificación territorial y Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental. Posteriormente, se prosigue con el análisis de la normativa internacional en la cual se identifican los siguientes aspectos significativos: especificidad de los proyectos en la evaluación ambiental, factibilidad de industria a pequeña escala y costos logísticos.Para determinar qué industrias se consideran dentro de la propuesta de modificación se emplea como directriz la lista de proyectos que ingresan al sistema de evaluación de impacto ambiental alemán, de acuerdo a los planteamientos de Vásquez (2017). Esta lista de proyectos se somete a una matriz de decisión que utiliza como parámetros: Factibilidad de pequeña escala e Impacto Ambiental significativo.A partir de los resultados obtenidos de la matriz se propone que se realicen modificaciones de los límites de entrada al sistema de evaluación ambiental en las siguientes industrias: Química, Minería, Textiles, Cría de animales (Bovinos, caprinos y ovinos), Láctea, Metal-Mecánica y Energía. Cabe señalar que los límites establecidos son los considerados en Chile como industria a pequeña escala, de acuerdo a criterios de producción.Los incisos del reglamento del Servicio de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental en los que se propone cambios son: c) centrales generadoras de energía, k) Instalaciones fabriles metalúrgicas, químicas, textiles, producción de material de la construcción, equipos y productos metálicos, l) Agroindustrias, mataderos, planteles y establos de crianza, lechería y engorda de animales dimensiones industriales.Dentro de las principales conclusiones se encuentran las siguientes, el artículo 3 debe ser evaluado periódicamente en tres aspectos: la incorporación de nuevas industrias, la especificación de industrias ya existentes en el país y la modificación de límites de producción a pequeña escala. La incorporación de la producción distribuida permite llevar al país a una visión de desarrollo sustentable desde la génesis de los proyectos y desde el punto de la planificación territorial. Por último, se debe valorar la especificación de algunas industrias en la normativa chilena que sí se encuentran debidamente desarrolladas, como por ejemplo, la industria pesquera. Además se recomienda una investigación más exhaustiva de la industria química en el país, en especial acerca de los productos más utilizados, su consumo, su factibilidad de pequeña escala y su impacto ambiental para ser considerada dentro de una futura modificación.
The aim of this investigation is to elaborate a proposal to modify the Chilean environment regulations for the development of the distributed production, through the analysis of national and international legislation and the identification of relevant factors that may favor its implementation. The distributed production is a territorial management strategy which consists in establishing the places where the settling of a productive plant will be built, considering the socio-economic and environmental needs of the area. The objective of this strategy is to reduce environmental impacts and logistic costs, to benefit the decentralization of the country and to lessen negative external factors produced by large industrial installations.The methodology to set up this proposal starts with the analysis of the Chilean regulations, where two relevant factors for the development of the distributed production are highlighted: Territorial Planning and Environmental Impact Assessment. Subsequently, the analysis of the international regulations is carried out, in which the following significant aspects are considered: Specificity of the projects in the environment assessment, industry feasibility in a small scale and logistic costs.To determine which industries are considered within the modification proposal, a list of projects which enter the Assessment System of German impact is used as directive, according to Vásquez (2017). This list of projects is submitted to a decision matrix that uses feasibility in small scales and significant Environmental Impact as parameters.According to the results obtained from the matrix, the proposal is to modify the input limits to the environment assessment in the following industries: Chemistry, Mining, Textile, Animal breeding (bovine, goat and ovine), Dairy, Metalworking and Energy. It should be mentioned that the established limits are the ones considered in Chile as a small-scale industry, according to production criteria.The sections from the regulations of Environmental Impact Assessment Service where the modifications are proposed are: c) power generation plants, k) metallurgical, chemical and textile plants, production of construction material, equipment and metal products, l) Agro-industries, slaughterhouses, breeding and dairy herds and animal feedlots, of industrial dimensions.The main conclusions are: article 3 should be assessed periodically in three aspects: the incorporation of new industries, the specification of industries already existing in the country and the modification of production limits in small scale. The incorporation of the distributed production allows the country to have a vision of sustainable development from the genesis of the projects and from the territorial planning. Finally, the specification of some industries in the Chilean regulations has to be appreciated since they are properly developed, like in the case of the fishing industry. Also, it is recommended to carry out a more thorough investigation of the chemical industry in the country, especially about the most used products, its consumption, its feasibility in small scale and its environmental impact so as to be considered in a future modification.
The aim of this investigation is to elaborate a proposal to modify the Chilean environment regulations for the development of the distributed production, through the analysis of national and international legislation and the identification of relevant factors that may favor its implementation. The distributed production is a territorial management strategy which consists in establishing the places where the settling of a productive plant will be built, considering the socio-economic and environmental needs of the area. The objective of this strategy is to reduce environmental impacts and logistic costs, to benefit the decentralization of the country and to lessen negative external factors produced by large industrial installations.The methodology to set up this proposal starts with the analysis of the Chilean regulations, where two relevant factors for the development of the distributed production are highlighted: Territorial Planning and Environmental Impact Assessment. Subsequently, the analysis of the international regulations is carried out, in which the following significant aspects are considered: Specificity of the projects in the environment assessment, industry feasibility in a small scale and logistic costs.To determine which industries are considered within the modification proposal, a list of projects which enter the Assessment System of German impact is used as directive, according to Vásquez (2017). This list of projects is submitted to a decision matrix that uses feasibility in small scales and significant Environmental Impact as parameters.According to the results obtained from the matrix, the proposal is to modify the input limits to the environment assessment in the following industries: Chemistry, Mining, Textile, Animal breeding (bovine, goat and ovine), Dairy, Metalworking and Energy. It should be mentioned that the established limits are the ones considered in Chile as a small-scale industry, according to production criteria.The sections from the regulations of Environmental Impact Assessment Service where the modifications are proposed are: c) power generation plants, k) metallurgical, chemical and textile plants, production of construction material, equipment and metal products, l) Agro-industries, slaughterhouses, breeding and dairy herds and animal feedlots, of industrial dimensions.The main conclusions are: article 3 should be assessed periodically in three aspects: the incorporation of new industries, the specification of industries already existing in the country and the modification of production limits in small scale. The incorporation of the distributed production allows the country to have a vision of sustainable development from the genesis of the projects and from the territorial planning. Finally, the specification of some industries in the Chilean regulations has to be appreciated since they are properly developed, like in the case of the fishing industry. Also, it is recommended to carry out a more thorough investigation of the chemical industry in the country, especially about the most used products, its consumption, its feasibility in small scale and its environmental impact so as to be considered in a future modification.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
ANALISIS DE CAMBIOS , COSTOS LOGISTICOS , GESTION TERRITORIAL , IMPACTO AMBIENTAL , NORMATIVA AMBIENTAL CHILE , PRODUCCION DISTRIBUIDA