Thesis MEJORAR INDICADORES DE CONFIABILIDAD Y PLANES DE MANTENIMIENTO DE LA FLOTA DE CAMIONES DE TRANSPORTE MT-65 DE EMPRESA MINERA
Date
2020-03
Authors
ARRIAGADA LEROY, PABLO IGNACIO
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Abstract
La empresa minera del norte de Chile, consta de tres minas subterráneas, la cuales operan desde el año 2018 con camiones de movimiento de mineral marca EPIROC modelo MT-65 que hasta la fecha, la flota se compone de 20 equipos, los cuales se han ido integrando a la empresa paulatinamente.
Los encargados de los mantenimientos de los equipos recién nombrados es el departamento de mantenimiento mina, quienes han incorporado como políticas de mantenimiento a esto equipos las de mantenimiento correctivo y preventivo. La política preventiva es realizada cada 250 horas teniendo cuatro tipos de pautas diferentes: 250 horas, 500 horas, 1000 horas y 2000 horas, cuyos costos varían desde los USD$ 1.411,87 hasta los USD$ 4.575,27.
A parte del mantenimiento preventivo, también se aplica el mantenimiento correctivo, el cual se ejerce al momento de que un sistema, sub-sistema o componente falla y consisten en reparar o cambiar lo fallado. Esta política produce tiempos de paradas de los equipos no deseable y por lo tanto influye en la confiabilidad y disponibilidad planeada para la flota, es por esto que se realizó un análisis y se determinó que los camiones que tienen este índice más bajo es el 1 y el 4, por lo que se necesita buscar mejoras para incrementar el índice en estos equipos.
Con el fin de determinar cuáles son los componentes de los equipos 1 y 4 que afectan a la baja disponibilidad y confiabilidad de estos, se realizan diagramas Jack – Knife empezando por los sistemas de los camiones hasta llegar a los componentes que más afectan los índices estudiados. Comprobando así que en el camión 1 los neumáticos afectan en el índice de disponibilidad y confiabilidad del equipo y el termostato del aire acondicionado afecta la disponibilidad; y para el camión 4 los flexibles de la transmisión influyen en la baja disponibilidad y confiabilidad del equipo.
La técnica utilizada para encontrar mejoras a los componentes recién nombrados es la del MAFEC (Metodología de Análisis de Fallas sus Efectos y Criticidad), con la cual se pueden encontrar todas las posibles fallas y su criticidad correspondiente, para así poder determinar las posibles causas que originan los inconvenientes.
Con las causas de las posibles fallas de cada componente, se proponen mejoras para mitigarlas o minimizarlas, las cuales abarcan nuevas tareas para las pautas de mantenimiento, integración de una política de mantenimiento predictivo, además de trabajar en conjunto con el área de operaciones mina. Algunas de estas mejoras son solo inspecciones o seguimiento del estado del componente, otras vienen asociadas a un costo para realizar el cambio del componente y compras de instrumentos.
Al finalizar, los costos son aumentado, donde en la pauta de 500 horas asciende en USD$ 270.14 y para los gastos en instrumentos e insumos serán en total USD$ 78.45 por equipo
The mining company the north of Chile, has three underground’s mines, which operate since the year 2018 with trucks brand EPIROC model MT-65, for mineral movement, whose fleet consist in 20 equipment s, which have been added gradually. The managers of the maintenance service of the trucks, is mine maintenance department, who have integrated as upkeep politics of these equipment’s, the politics of preventive and corrective upkeep, Preventive politic is making every 250 hours, and has four different guidelines: 250 hours, 500 hours, 1000 hours, 2000 hours, which cost are between 1.411,87 USD and 4.575,27 USD. On the other hand of the maintenance department use the corrective upkeep, which applies when a system, sub system or a component fails, and consist in repair or change the part that had failures. This politic produce unwanted stop times and this affect the availability of the trucks fleet, for this reason an analysis was executed and it determined that trucks has the rate of unwanted stop times and the equipment of has the low rate are 1 and 4, for that needed search improvements for increase the rate in y hear equipment’s. With final purpose of determine which are the components in trucks 1 and 4, that affect the low availability of this, Jack- Knife diagrams are made, starting for the trucks systems to the components that generate more impact for the rate in study, checking that in truck 1 the tires and air conditioner thermostat affect the availability of the equipment, and on the other hand in truck 4 the flexible transmission is the component that reduce the availability of the truck. The technique used for find upgrades in the component before named is the one of MAFEC (failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis), finding all the possible failures causes according mine conditions where are working. With the causes of the possible failures of each component, improves are proposed to mitigate or minimize, which ones attempt new tasks for the maintenance guidelines, also the integration a politics of preventive and corrective maintenance, besides to co-work with mine operations area. Some of these upgrades, are just an inspection of tracking of the state of the component, another ones are associated to a monetary cost, for the change of the component or the purchase of instruments. At the end, the cost are increased, where in the 500 hours schedule it amounts to 270.14 USD and for the expenses in instruments and supplies cost are a total of 78.45 USD per equipment
The mining company the north of Chile, has three underground’s mines, which operate since the year 2018 with trucks brand EPIROC model MT-65, for mineral movement, whose fleet consist in 20 equipment s, which have been added gradually. The managers of the maintenance service of the trucks, is mine maintenance department, who have integrated as upkeep politics of these equipment’s, the politics of preventive and corrective upkeep, Preventive politic is making every 250 hours, and has four different guidelines: 250 hours, 500 hours, 1000 hours, 2000 hours, which cost are between 1.411,87 USD and 4.575,27 USD. On the other hand of the maintenance department use the corrective upkeep, which applies when a system, sub system or a component fails, and consist in repair or change the part that had failures. This politic produce unwanted stop times and this affect the availability of the trucks fleet, for this reason an analysis was executed and it determined that trucks has the rate of unwanted stop times and the equipment of has the low rate are 1 and 4, for that needed search improvements for increase the rate in y hear equipment’s. With final purpose of determine which are the components in trucks 1 and 4, that affect the low availability of this, Jack- Knife diagrams are made, starting for the trucks systems to the components that generate more impact for the rate in study, checking that in truck 1 the tires and air conditioner thermostat affect the availability of the equipment, and on the other hand in truck 4 the flexible transmission is the component that reduce the availability of the truck. The technique used for find upgrades in the component before named is the one of MAFEC (failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis), finding all the possible failures causes according mine conditions where are working. With the causes of the possible failures of each component, improves are proposed to mitigate or minimize, which ones attempt new tasks for the maintenance guidelines, also the integration a politics of preventive and corrective maintenance, besides to co-work with mine operations area. Some of these upgrades, are just an inspection of tracking of the state of the component, another ones are associated to a monetary cost, for the change of the component or the purchase of instruments. At the end, the cost are increased, where in the 500 hours schedule it amounts to 270.14 USD and for the expenses in instruments and supplies cost are a total of 78.45 USD per equipment
Description
Keywords
MAQUINARIA MINERA -- MANTENIMIENTO Y REPARACION , ANALISIS DE CRITICIDAD OPERACIONAL , EVALUACION DE RIESGOS , MANTENIMIENTO CENTRADO EN LA CONFIABILIDAD - RCM
