Thesis DISEÑO ESTRUCTURAL Y FABRICACIÓN DE UN ÁLABE PROTOTIPO DE AEROGENERADOR CON PERFILES ALARES ASIMÉTRICOS MORFOADAPTABLES
Date
2021-09
Authors
CONTRERAS SOTO, NATALIA ROMANÉ
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Abstract
El presente trabajo establece los lineamientos, y una ruta de diseño y prototipado para la fabricación de un perfil asimétrico morfoadaptable que conformará parte de un álabe de aerogenerador de baja potencia, y el cual mediante la aplicación de tecnología FishBAC (Fish Bone Active Camber), innovación inspirada en la biomimética, se modificó su geometría en pos de mantener bajo control las fuerzas y momentos aerodinámicos dependiendo de las condiciones externas, y retardar el desprendimiento de la capa límite, fenómeno que provoca la disminución de la sustentación, y en consecuencia, la disminución de la eficiencia aerodinámica del perfil y del aerogenerador. Se realizó un proceso de pre-selección de material para la viga FishBAC utilizando el software CES Edupack 2019, el cual permite seleccionar de manera interactiva distintos materiales utilizados en la industria de generación de potencia de bajo carbono y que cumplan con los objetivos de la viga como una alta resistencia a la flexión y una alta elasticidad. Se pre seleccionó una probeta de perfil alar NACA 4415, de 180 [mm] de cuerda y 350 [mm] de envergadura, para el cual se propone la fabricación de las piezas rígidas mediante impresión 3D, y de la zona FishBAC con fibra de vidrio y resina epóxica mediante un proceso de manufactura al vacío y laminado, con el fin de potenciar al máximo las propiedades mecánicas del material, el que debe ser capaz de resistir altos esfuerzos aerodinámicos y deflectores, ser flexible, y permitir una deflexión cercana a los 4° utilizando la menor cantidad de material permisible en base a la manufactura propuesta.
This work provides the guidelines, design and prototyping route for the manufacture of a morpho-adaptable asymmetric profile, that will be part of a low-power wind turbine blade, through the application of FishBAC technology (Fish Bone Active Camber), innovation inspired on biomimetics, modify its geometry in order to keep aerodynamic forces and moments under control, which depends on external conditions, and to delay the detachment of the boundary layer, a phenomenon that causes the decrease in lift, and consequently, that causes a decrease in lift and, consequently, a decrease in the aerodynamic efficiency of the profile and the wind turbine. A material pre-selection process is carried out using CES Edupack 2019 software, which allows interactive selection of different materials used in the low-carbon power generation industry for the construction of the FishBAC beam, meeting the beam targets: high flexural strength and high elasticity. A NACA 4415wing profile with 180 [mm] chord and 350 [mm] wingspan is designed, for which it is proposed to manufacture the rigid parts by 3D printing, and the FishBAC zone with fiberglass and epoxy resin through a vacuum and laminating manufacturing process, in order to maximize the mechanical properties of the material, which must be able to withstand high aerodynamic stresses and deflectors strengths, be flexible, and allow a deflection close to 4 ° using the least amount of material allowable based on the proposed manufacture.
This work provides the guidelines, design and prototyping route for the manufacture of a morpho-adaptable asymmetric profile, that will be part of a low-power wind turbine blade, through the application of FishBAC technology (Fish Bone Active Camber), innovation inspired on biomimetics, modify its geometry in order to keep aerodynamic forces and moments under control, which depends on external conditions, and to delay the detachment of the boundary layer, a phenomenon that causes the decrease in lift, and consequently, that causes a decrease in lift and, consequently, a decrease in the aerodynamic efficiency of the profile and the wind turbine. A material pre-selection process is carried out using CES Edupack 2019 software, which allows interactive selection of different materials used in the low-carbon power generation industry for the construction of the FishBAC beam, meeting the beam targets: high flexural strength and high elasticity. A NACA 4415wing profile with 180 [mm] chord and 350 [mm] wingspan is designed, for which it is proposed to manufacture the rigid parts by 3D printing, and the FishBAC zone with fiberglass and epoxy resin through a vacuum and laminating manufacturing process, in order to maximize the mechanical properties of the material, which must be able to withstand high aerodynamic stresses and deflectors strengths, be flexible, and allow a deflection close to 4 ° using the least amount of material allowable based on the proposed manufacture.
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Keywords
AEROGENERADORES , ENERGIA EOLICA , AERODINÁMICA