Thesis CARACTERIZACIÓN DE ELIPSOIDES DE EXTRACCIÓN CON MATERIAL COHESIVO EN BLOCK/PANEL CAVING UTILIZANDO ROCKY DEM
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Date
2021-03
Authors
REYES VIDAL, BASTIÁN ANDRÉS
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Abstract
Las técnicas de hundimiento, como block/panel caving, son metodologías que se basan en la extracción de material fracturado que ha descendido a una batea por acción de la fuerza de gravedad. Dentro de la literatura, existe un consenso respecto a que su aplicación genera la formación de dos zonas de principal interés: la zona de extracción (IEZ), que define el material que ha sido extraído, y la zona de movimiento (IMZ), que corresponde al conjunto de partículas que han sido desplazadas desde su posición original. Comprender las variables que caracterizan el desarrollo de ambas zonas es la base para definir las etapas de diseño, planificación y ejecución que garanticen la rentabilidad del negocio minero. Dentro del presente trabajo de título, se realiza un análisis respecto al desarrollo de la IEZ en función de parámetros como: tamaño de partícula, tamaño de abertura, grado de cohesión, técnica de extracción (simultánea o alternada) y distancia entre aberturas. Adicionalmente, se evalúa el comportamiento de un conjunto de partículas que, por su grado de movilidad, representan un material sería potencial detonante de bombeos de barro. El cual es un evento de descarga descontrolada de material, con altos índices de humedad. Para el análisis se hace uso de herramientas DEM, específicamente Rocky 4.3.2, donde se evalúa una geometría que simula contener el material que desemboca sobre uno o dos puntos de extracción. La cual permite, a medida que se va desarrollando la extracción de partículas, visualizar la tasa de crecimiento vertical y horizontal de la IEZ. Los resultados indican que el desarrollo de la IEZ es independiente de los tamaños de partícula y abertura. Respecto a su extensión horizontal, esta se ve reducida a medida que se incrementa el grado de cohesión, y aumentada cuando la movilidad del material es excesiva. Por otro lado, la extensión vertical se incrementa cuando se produce la interacción entre dos flujos simultáneos que se encuentran a una distancia inferior al ancho de la IEZ de cada flujo. Finalmente, se observa que la masa removida desde la zona superior de un punto de extracción es menor cuando la distancia entre aberturas se incrementa y, asimismo, decrece en función del grado de movilidad de las partículas.
Caving techniques, such as block/panel, are methodologies that are based on the extraction of fractured material that has descended into a drawpoint by the force of gravity. Within the literature, there is a consensus that its application generates the formation of two zones of main interest: the extraction zone (IEZ), which defines the material that has been extracted, and the movement zone (IMZ), which corresponds to the set of particles that have been displaced from their original position. Understanding the variables that characterize the development of both zones is the basis for defining the design, planning and execution stages that guarantee the profitability of the mining business. Within the present thesis, an analysis is carried out regarding the development of the IEZ based on parameters such as: particle size, drawpoint width, degree of cohesion, extraction technique (simultaneous or consecutive) and distance between drawpoints. Additionally, the behavior of a set of particles is evaluated which, due to their degree of mobility, represent a material that would be a potential detonating mudrush. Which is an event of uncontrolled material discharge, with high humidity levels. For the analysis, DEM tools are used, specifically Rocky 4.3.2, where a geometry that simulates containing the material that flows into one or two drawpionts is evaluated. Which allows, as the extraction of particles develops, to visualize the vertical and horizontal growth rate of the IEZ. The results indicate that the development of the IEZ is independent of the particle size and drawpoint width. Regarding its horizontal extension, this is reduced as the degree of cohesion increases, and increased when the mobility of the material is excessive. On the other hand, the vertical extension increases when the interaction occurs between two simultaneous flows that are at a distance less than the width of the IEZ of each flow. Finally, it is observed that the mass removed from the upper zone of an extraction point is less when the distance between drawpoint increases and, likewise, decreases as a function of the degree of mobility of the particles.
Caving techniques, such as block/panel, are methodologies that are based on the extraction of fractured material that has descended into a drawpoint by the force of gravity. Within the literature, there is a consensus that its application generates the formation of two zones of main interest: the extraction zone (IEZ), which defines the material that has been extracted, and the movement zone (IMZ), which corresponds to the set of particles that have been displaced from their original position. Understanding the variables that characterize the development of both zones is the basis for defining the design, planning and execution stages that guarantee the profitability of the mining business. Within the present thesis, an analysis is carried out regarding the development of the IEZ based on parameters such as: particle size, drawpoint width, degree of cohesion, extraction technique (simultaneous or consecutive) and distance between drawpoints. Additionally, the behavior of a set of particles is evaluated which, due to their degree of mobility, represent a material that would be a potential detonating mudrush. Which is an event of uncontrolled material discharge, with high humidity levels. For the analysis, DEM tools are used, specifically Rocky 4.3.2, where a geometry that simulates containing the material that flows into one or two drawpionts is evaluated. Which allows, as the extraction of particles develops, to visualize the vertical and horizontal growth rate of the IEZ. The results indicate that the development of the IEZ is independent of the particle size and drawpoint width. Regarding its horizontal extension, this is reduced as the degree of cohesion increases, and increased when the mobility of the material is excessive. On the other hand, the vertical extension increases when the interaction occurs between two simultaneous flows that are at a distance less than the width of the IEZ of each flow. Finally, it is observed that the mass removed from the upper zone of an extraction point is less when the distance between drawpoint increases and, likewise, decreases as a function of the degree of mobility of the particles.
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Keywords
SUELOS , REOLOGIA , MATERIALES GRANULARES