Thesis ANÁLISIS DE EFICIENCIA ENERGÉTICA PARA GARANTIZAR EL CONFORT TÉRMICO EN ESTABLECIMIENTOS EDUCACIONALES: CASO APLICADO Y PROPUESTA DE MEJORA A COLEGIO PLAZUELA DE LO MIRANDA.
Loading...
Date
2020-11
Authors
ACEVEDO DEL RÍO, PABLO IGNACIO
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Desde hace muchos años, la ausencia de confort térmico en los establecimientos educacionales, principalmente en las temporadas de otoño e invierno, es un problema que aparece en todos los medios de comunicación. Especialmente en las zonas centro, sur y austral de Chile, existen escenarios precarios que dificultan las actividades escolares de los estudiantes. Las manifestaciones de los profesores, apoderados y los mismos jóvenes, sumados a paros indefinidos y protestas, han marcado la agenda de una problemática que se repite año a año y que aún está lejos de solucionarse de raíz.
En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis para identificar cuáles son las condiciones ambientales necesarias para poder llevar a cabo un correcto desarrollo del proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Una vez identificados los requerimientos de un ambiente que alcanza un confort térmico, se identifican las variables principales que deben ser adecuadamente gestionadas a fin de poder garantizar dicho confort, tanto a estudiantes como también a docentes. Mediante este estudio y basado en la realización de un balance energético, se define que las variables más determinantes son: la pérdida de calor a través de la envolvente del edificio (Q), las pérdidas de calor por ventilación (V), las ganancias solares (Gs) y las ganancias internas (Gi).
Con motivo de evaluar el funcionamiento e impacto de cada una de estas variables y de poder proponer soluciones concretas al problema identificado, se trabaja en base a un caso aplicado, tomando como modelo para este ejercicio la infraestructura del Colegio Plazuela de la localidad de Lo Miranda, en la comuna de Doñihue, Región de O´Higgins. Este recinto se ha adjudicado recientemente fondos de Mejoramiento de Infraestructura Escolar Pública entregados por el Ministerio de Educación, recursos con los cuales el establecimiento financia su proyecto de conservación.
En virtud de la información técnica disponible a razón del mencionado proyecto, se analiza si la infraestructura del colegio será capaz de garantizar un confort térmico al interior de sus salas de clases.
Independiente del resultado anterior, se proponen soluciones que aumenten la eficiencia energética del establecimiento, incorporando alternativas de aislación térmica e instalación de fuentes de energía renovable no convencional (ERNC), específicamente paneles fotovoltaicos.
Si bien las propuestas no son rentables económicamente, si representan un impacto positivo para la situación económica del establecimiento y, sobre todo, permiten obtener beneficios muy importantes para la comunidad educativa asociados al alcance del confort térmico: mejorar el rendimiento escolar, que los estudiantes logren mayores niveles de concentración y participación en clases, disminuir los índices de enfermedades debido a constante exposición al frio, disminución de licencias médicas, entre muchas otras. En definitiva, mejorar las oportunidades que tienen los estudiantes para potenciar al máximo sus capacidades y desarrollar, en conjunto con los docentes, un proceso de aprendizaje en un ambiente propicio. Si en Chile se está discutiendo tanto sobre tener educación de calidad, el confort térmico es una de las primeras condiciones que se debería poder garantizar.
For many years, the lack of thermal comfort in educational establishments, mainly in the autumn and winter seasons, has been a problem that appears in all the media. Especially in the central and southern areas of Chile, there are precarious settings that make school activities difficult for students. Demonstrations by teachers, parents and schoolchildren, added to indefinite strikes and protests, have marked the agenda of a problem that is repeated year after year and that is still far from being solved at its roots. In the present work an analysis is carried out to identify what are the necessary environmental conditions to be able to carry out a correct development of the students' learning process. Once the requirements of an environment that achieves thermal comfort have been identified, the main variables that must be properly managed are identified in order to guarantee said comfort, both for students and teachers. Through this study and based on the realization of an energy balance, it is defined that the most determining variables are: heat loss through the building envelope (Q), heat losses through ventilation (V), solar gains (Gs) and internal gains (Gi). In order to evaluate the operation and impact of each of these variables and to be able to propose concrete solutions to the identified problem, we work based on an applied case, taking as a model for this exercise the infrastructure of the Colegio Plazuela in the town of Lo Miranda, located in the commune of Doñihue, O´Higgins Region. This school has recently been awarded funds for the Improvement of Public School Infrastructure delivered by the Ministry of Education, resources with which the establishment finances its conservation project. By virtue of the technical information available as a result of the aforementioned project, it is analyzed whether the school's infrastructure will be able to guarantee thermal comfort inside its classrooms. Regardless of the previous result, solutions are proposed that increase the energy efficiency of the establishment, incorporating alternatives for thermal insulation and installation of non-conventional renewable energy sources (NCRE), specifically photovoltaic panels. Although the proposals are not economically profitable, they do represent a positive impact on the economic situation of the establishment and, above all, allow obtaining very important benefits for the educational community associated with the achievement of thermal comfort: improving school performance, that students achieve higher levels of concentration and participation in classes, decrease the rates of illness due to exposure to constant cold, decrease in medical licenses, among many others. In summary, improve the opportunities that students have to maximize their abilities and develop, together with teachers, a learning process in a conducive environment. If in Chile there is so much discussion about having quality education, thermal comfort is one of the first conditions that should be guaranteed.
For many years, the lack of thermal comfort in educational establishments, mainly in the autumn and winter seasons, has been a problem that appears in all the media. Especially in the central and southern areas of Chile, there are precarious settings that make school activities difficult for students. Demonstrations by teachers, parents and schoolchildren, added to indefinite strikes and protests, have marked the agenda of a problem that is repeated year after year and that is still far from being solved at its roots. In the present work an analysis is carried out to identify what are the necessary environmental conditions to be able to carry out a correct development of the students' learning process. Once the requirements of an environment that achieves thermal comfort have been identified, the main variables that must be properly managed are identified in order to guarantee said comfort, both for students and teachers. Through this study and based on the realization of an energy balance, it is defined that the most determining variables are: heat loss through the building envelope (Q), heat losses through ventilation (V), solar gains (Gs) and internal gains (Gi). In order to evaluate the operation and impact of each of these variables and to be able to propose concrete solutions to the identified problem, we work based on an applied case, taking as a model for this exercise the infrastructure of the Colegio Plazuela in the town of Lo Miranda, located in the commune of Doñihue, O´Higgins Region. This school has recently been awarded funds for the Improvement of Public School Infrastructure delivered by the Ministry of Education, resources with which the establishment finances its conservation project. By virtue of the technical information available as a result of the aforementioned project, it is analyzed whether the school's infrastructure will be able to guarantee thermal comfort inside its classrooms. Regardless of the previous result, solutions are proposed that increase the energy efficiency of the establishment, incorporating alternatives for thermal insulation and installation of non-conventional renewable energy sources (NCRE), specifically photovoltaic panels. Although the proposals are not economically profitable, they do represent a positive impact on the economic situation of the establishment and, above all, allow obtaining very important benefits for the educational community associated with the achievement of thermal comfort: improving school performance, that students achieve higher levels of concentration and participation in classes, decrease the rates of illness due to exposure to constant cold, decrease in medical licenses, among many others. In summary, improve the opportunities that students have to maximize their abilities and develop, together with teachers, a learning process in a conducive environment. If in Chile there is so much discussion about having quality education, thermal comfort is one of the first conditions that should be guaranteed.
Description
Keywords
COLEGIO PLAZUELA , EFICIENCIA ENERGÉTICA , CALEFACCIÓN ENERGÉTICA , ENERGIAS RENOVABLES