Thesis MODELO PARA ESTIMAR LA DISTRIBUCIÓN ESPACIAL Y TEMPORAL DE EMISIONES CONTAMINANTES GENERADAS EN CHILE POR SECTOR TRANSPORTE, MODOS AÉREO Y MARÍTIMO
Date
2020-01
Authors
CONCHA PALACIOS, MATIAS
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Abstract
Este trabajo tiene por objetivo hacer una estimación de los contaminantes generados por los modos aéreo y marítimo para el año 2015, para posteriormente aplicar una distribución espacial y temporal a dichos contaminantes. Para estimar los contaminantes generados por el modo aéreo se utilizaron dos metodologías, una europea desarrollada por la EMEP/EEA y otra norteamericana desarrollada por la ACRP. Con estas metodologías fue posible estimar las emisiones generadas por el ciclo CCD, contribuyendo con 1.468 kt de CO2 para vuelos nacionales y 2.411 kt de CO2 para vuelos internacionales, esto sumado a las emisiones generadas por el ciclo LTO de 199 kt de CO2 para vuelos nacionales y 121 kt de CO2 para vuelos internacionales, obteniendo un total de 1667 kt de CO2 para vuelos domésticos y 2535 kt de CO2 para vuelos internacionales. Para estimar los contaminantes generados por el modo marítimo se utilizó una metodología de Reino Unido desarrollada por la consultora Entec UK. Con esta metodología fue posible estimar las emisiones generadas por el modo océano, contribuyendo con 802 kt de CO2 para movimientos nacionales, esto sumado a las emisiones generadas por los modos maniobras y puerto de 614 kt de CO2 para movimientos nacionales e internacionales, obteniendo 1416 kt de CO2 generadas por el modo marítimo. Una vez consolidado el cálculo de las emisiones generadas por cada modo se toman estos resultados para procesarlos en el software QGIS donde se establece la distribución espacial y posteriormente se puede hacer un análisis espacio temporal de estos contaminantes, logrando así poder completar el modelo para estimar la distribución espacial y temporal de los contaminantes generados en los modos aéreo y marítimo del sector transporte, donde estos dos modos aportan con un % y %, respectivamente, a la generación de contaminantes atmosféricos.
This thesis aims to make an update of the pollutants generated by air and maritime modes in the 2015, to subsequently apply a spatial and temporal distribution to these pollutants. To estimate the pollutants generated by air mode, two methodologies were used, one european developed by EMEP/EEA and another american developed by ACRP. With these methodologies was possible to estimate the emissions generated by the CCD cycle, contributing with 1.468 kt of CO2 for domestic flights and 2.411 kt of CO2 for international flights. This aditional to the emissions generated by the LTO cycle of 199 kt of CO2 for domestic flights and 121 kt of CO2 for international flights, obtaining a total of 1.667 kt of CO2 for domestic flights and 2.535 kt of CO2 for international flights. To estimate the pollutants generated by maritime mode a United Kingdom methodology developed by the consultancy Entec UK was used. With this methodology it was possible to estimate the emissions generated by the ocean mode, contributing with 802 kt of CO2 for national movements, this added to the emissions generated by the maneuver and port modes of 614 kt of CO2 for national and internationals movements, obtaining 1.416 kt of CO2 for the maritime mode. Once the calculation of the emissions generated by each mode is consolidated, these results are taken to process them in the QGIS software where the spatial distribution is established and then a spatio-temporal analysis of these pollutants can be made, thus being able to complete the model to estimate the distribution spatial and temporal pollutants generated in the air and maritime modes of the transport sector, where these two modes contribute with a % and %, respectively, to the generation of air pollutants.
This thesis aims to make an update of the pollutants generated by air and maritime modes in the 2015, to subsequently apply a spatial and temporal distribution to these pollutants. To estimate the pollutants generated by air mode, two methodologies were used, one european developed by EMEP/EEA and another american developed by ACRP. With these methodologies was possible to estimate the emissions generated by the CCD cycle, contributing with 1.468 kt of CO2 for domestic flights and 2.411 kt of CO2 for international flights. This aditional to the emissions generated by the LTO cycle of 199 kt of CO2 for domestic flights and 121 kt of CO2 for international flights, obtaining a total of 1.667 kt of CO2 for domestic flights and 2.535 kt of CO2 for international flights. To estimate the pollutants generated by maritime mode a United Kingdom methodology developed by the consultancy Entec UK was used. With this methodology it was possible to estimate the emissions generated by the ocean mode, contributing with 802 kt of CO2 for national movements, this added to the emissions generated by the maneuver and port modes of 614 kt of CO2 for national and internationals movements, obtaining 1.416 kt of CO2 for the maritime mode. Once the calculation of the emissions generated by each mode is consolidated, these results are taken to process them in the QGIS software where the spatial distribution is established and then a spatio-temporal analysis of these pollutants can be made, thus being able to complete the model to estimate the distribution spatial and temporal pollutants generated in the air and maritime modes of the transport sector, where these two modes contribute with a % and %, respectively, to the generation of air pollutants.
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Keywords
CONTAMINANTES , ANALISIS DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL , DESECHOS INDUSTRIALES