Publication: ESTUDIO DE IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE PLANTAS FOTOVOLTAICAS CONECTADAS A RED EN EDIFICIOS CORPORATIVOS DE CODELCO A TRAVÉS DE UN MODELO DE NEGOCIOS ESCO
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Date
2015-11
Authors
CERDA REBOLLEDO, VALENTINA ALEJANDRA
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Abstract
Mundialmente existe una gran dependencia energética por parte de la sociedad, lo que ha traído consigo un peligro para generaciones futuras debido a todos los daños ambientales que implica la forma actual de generar energía. Frente a este paradigma nace el desarrollo sustentable, que busca satisfacer las necesidades del presente sin comprometer las capacidades que tendrá la sociedad futura para satisfacer sus propias necesidades. En este objetivo las ERNC poseen una participación muy importante. La energía solar es la ERNC más abundante del planeta, siendo Chile considerado uno de los países que recibe mayor radiación solar, la que, debido a la situación ambiental actual del planeta, debe ser aprovechada. Debido a esto es que Codelco, la empresa más importante de Chile, busca contribuir al desarrollo sustentable instalando plantas fotovoltaicas conectadas a red en el techo de sus edificios corporativos para auto consumir la energía generada, a través de un modelo de negocios ESCO. Sin embargo, un proyecto de este tipo que no pertenece al rubro de la empresa y no es muy atractivo económicamente debido a que es poco rentable debe ser analizado por la empresa. Es por esto que por medio del presente estudio se busca comprobar la factibilidad de llevar a cabo este proyecto, para así poder entregar las herramientas necesarias para dimensionar la capacidad máxima de producción de energía en los edificios, y facilitar la eventual negociación con una empresa ESCO. Bajo un escenario base que maximiza la producción de energía fotovoltaica en los edificios, en el que la empresa ESCO participante está dispuesta a no perder ni ganar económicamente, se determina por medio de un correcto análisis técnico y legal, que es posible generar energía fotovoltaica aplicando el modelo de negocios deseado. Por otra parte, en términos económicos y sociales, considerando todos los edificios corporativos que posee Codelco como uno solo, se determina que bajo este escenario la empresa podrá sustituir 364 MWh/año de energía eléctrica tomada de la red por la producida gracias a energía fotovoltaica, evitando la emisión de 149 toneladas de CO2 al año. Esto se traduce económicamente en un valor actual neto de los ahorros producidos igual a $MM 11,2 y socialmente a un valor actual neto de $MM 4,5. Sin embargo, debido a la participación de una empresa ESCO en el proyecto, existen muchos posibles escenarios que pueden ocurrir, los cuales se deben analizar caso a caso para una correcta negociación. Independiente de esto, la empresa debe considerar en la negociación que el edificio más productivo y rentable para ella es el edificio de Chuquicamata, mientras que el menos es Casa Matriz.
Globally there is a great energy dependence of society, which has brought with it a danger to future generations because of all the environmental damage involving the current form of generate energy. Against this paradigm is born sustainable development, which seeks to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability that will have future society to satisfy their own needs. The non-conventional renewable energies (NCRE) have a very important role in this objective. Solar energy is the most abundant NCREs the planet, with Chile as one of the countries that receive more solar radiation, which, due to the current environmental situation of the planet, should be exploited. Because this is that Codelco, the most important company in Chile, seeks to contribute to the sustainable development by installing photovoltaic plants connected to the grid on the roof of its corporate offices to consume the energy generated through a business model ESCO. But a project of this type that does not belong to the category of the company and is not very attractive economically because it is unprofitable should be analyzed by the company. That is why through this study seeks to check the feasibility of carrying out this project, so with this we can deliver the tools necessary to gauge the maximum production capacity of energy in buildings, and facilitate the eventual negotiation with ESCO. Under a baseline scenario that maximizes the production of photovoltaic energy in the buildings, in where the ESCO company participant is willing to not win financially, by through a correct technical and legal analysis, it is determined to be possible to generate photovoltaic energy using business model desired. Moreover, in economic and social terms, considering to Codelco as all, it is determined that under this scenario the company will replace 364 MWh/year of electricity taken from the network by the photovoltaic energy, avoiding the emission of 149 tons of CO2 per year. These results translate economically in a net present value of the savings equal to $ 11.2 MM and socially to a net present value of $ 4.5 MM. However, due to the participation of an ESCO in the project, there are many possible scenarios that can occur, which must be analyzed case by case for a good negotiation. Independent of this, the company should consider in negotiating that the most productive and profitable building is the building of Chuquicamata, while the less productive and profitable is Casa Matriz
Globally there is a great energy dependence of society, which has brought with it a danger to future generations because of all the environmental damage involving the current form of generate energy. Against this paradigm is born sustainable development, which seeks to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability that will have future society to satisfy their own needs. The non-conventional renewable energies (NCRE) have a very important role in this objective. Solar energy is the most abundant NCREs the planet, with Chile as one of the countries that receive more solar radiation, which, due to the current environmental situation of the planet, should be exploited. Because this is that Codelco, the most important company in Chile, seeks to contribute to the sustainable development by installing photovoltaic plants connected to the grid on the roof of its corporate offices to consume the energy generated through a business model ESCO. But a project of this type that does not belong to the category of the company and is not very attractive economically because it is unprofitable should be analyzed by the company. That is why through this study seeks to check the feasibility of carrying out this project, so with this we can deliver the tools necessary to gauge the maximum production capacity of energy in buildings, and facilitate the eventual negotiation with ESCO. Under a baseline scenario that maximizes the production of photovoltaic energy in the buildings, in where the ESCO company participant is willing to not win financially, by through a correct technical and legal analysis, it is determined to be possible to generate photovoltaic energy using business model desired. Moreover, in economic and social terms, considering to Codelco as all, it is determined that under this scenario the company will replace 364 MWh/year of electricity taken from the network by the photovoltaic energy, avoiding the emission of 149 tons of CO2 per year. These results translate economically in a net present value of the savings equal to $ 11.2 MM and socially to a net present value of $ 4.5 MM. However, due to the participation of an ESCO in the project, there are many possible scenarios that can occur, which must be analyzed case by case for a good negotiation. Independent of this, the company should consider in negotiating that the most productive and profitable building is the building of Chuquicamata, while the less productive and profitable is Casa Matriz
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Keywords
ESTUDIO DE FACTIBILIDAD , PLANTA FOTOVOLTAICA , ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES NO CONVENCIONALES