Publication: BÚSQUEDA DE UNA ALTERNATIVA RENTABLE A LA ENERGÍA FÓSIL DIESEL: PLANTA DE BIODIESEL DE SEGUNDA GENERACIÓN A TRAVÉS DE ALGAS.
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Date
2013-11
Authors
LIMIDORO PÉREZ, MANUEL JESÚS
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Abstract
En la actualidad existe una gran preocupación por la duración de las reservas de diesel alrededor del mundo, se estima que estas solo alcanzaran a durar 54 años más, y Chile no es ajeno a este problema, al ser un país dependiente de las importaciones, está directamente afectado por la volatilidad del precio y el valor de este.
Es así como el objetivo general del presente trabajo de titulo es analizar el potencial en Chile del biodiesel producido mediante Microalgas, evaluando técnica y económicamente una posible planta generadora de este, para contribuir a encontrar un nuevo combustible limpio y con menores emisiones, siendo una fuente renovable para superar la dependencia del Diesel.
Se determinó el diseño de la planta generadora de biodiesel, a ubicarse en Mejillones, con una producción anual de 120.000 m3, y un precio de venta del producto igual al precio del diesel común, es decir, US $1,414, la planta también genera ingresos por la venta de desechos, utilizados como alimento animal que entrega ingresos anuales por US$ 88.330.825, y la venta de bonos de carbono que entregan US$ 15.550.763 al año.
La evaluación económica inicialmente se realizó sin financiamiento, esta entrego como resultados un VAN negativo igual a US $ -1.255.850.117, de la misma forma ocurrió con el proyecto financiado (60%) con un VAN de US $ -210.382.957.
Debido a esto se busco soluciones, obtenido buenos resultados con un posible subsidio a la energía por parte del gobierno, si este subsidio fuese igual o mayor a 8,07%, el VAN resulta positivo. Se supuso un subsidio de 9,0%, resultando un proyecto rentable con un VAN de US $ 22.116.785, TIR de 8,146% y PAYBACK de 12 años.
Se concluye que económicamente la única opción viable por el momento es tener ayuda por parte del gobierno, lo cual no está fuera de lógica, ya que la tendencia a nivel mundial es fomentar el uso de energías renovables no convencionales.
In the century, there is an important preoccupation of diesel reserves all around the world, which is estimated only 54 years maximum. This issue impact also Chile because of our importation dependence, which is affected directly the price and the value of diesel. For this reason, the principal goal of this work is to analyze the potential of biodiesel in Chile thanks to Micro-seaweed. A technical and economic evaluation of a possible plant will help to find a new combustible more clean than diesel and beat the dependence. After the design of this plant of reference, it will be located in Mejillones, with an annual production of 120.000 m3, and the price will be more or less the same as the diesel (US $1,414). The plant also generates revenue from the sale of waste used as animal feed, delivering annual revenues of US $ 88.330.825, and the sale of carbon credits that provide US $ 15.550.763 per year. At the beginning, the economic evaluation was performed without funding, this result had a negative NPV results equal to US $ -1.255.850.117, the same happened with the project funded (60%) with an NPV of US $ -210.382.957. Due to those results, there were various options, obtained good results with a potential energy subsidy from the government. If the subsidy is equal or bigger than 8.07%, then NPV is positive. It was a subsidy of 9.0%, resulting in a profitable project with a NPV of US $ 22.116.785, IRR PAYBACK of 8.146% in 12 years. To conclude, this subsidy of the government option is the only economical solution viable at the moment, which is a logical alternative because the worldwide trend is to encourage the development of non-conventional renewable energies.
In the century, there is an important preoccupation of diesel reserves all around the world, which is estimated only 54 years maximum. This issue impact also Chile because of our importation dependence, which is affected directly the price and the value of diesel. For this reason, the principal goal of this work is to analyze the potential of biodiesel in Chile thanks to Micro-seaweed. A technical and economic evaluation of a possible plant will help to find a new combustible more clean than diesel and beat the dependence. After the design of this plant of reference, it will be located in Mejillones, with an annual production of 120.000 m3, and the price will be more or less the same as the diesel (US $1,414). The plant also generates revenue from the sale of waste used as animal feed, delivering annual revenues of US $ 88.330.825, and the sale of carbon credits that provide US $ 15.550.763 per year. At the beginning, the economic evaluation was performed without funding, this result had a negative NPV results equal to US $ -1.255.850.117, the same happened with the project funded (60%) with an NPV of US $ -210.382.957. Due to those results, there were various options, obtained good results with a potential energy subsidy from the government. If the subsidy is equal or bigger than 8.07%, then NPV is positive. It was a subsidy of 9.0%, resulting in a profitable project with a NPV of US $ 22.116.785, IRR PAYBACK of 8.146% in 12 years. To conclude, this subsidy of the government option is the only economical solution viable at the moment, which is a logical alternative because the worldwide trend is to encourage the development of non-conventional renewable energies.
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Keywords
ESTUDIO DE FACTIBILIDAD , EVALUACIÓN TÉCNICO ECONÓMICA , BIODIESEL EN BASE A ALGAS