Thesis DIAGNÓSTICO Y PROYECCIÓN DE LA PRODUCCIÓN DE AGUA POTABLE DE LA PLANTA DE TRATAMIENTO DE AGUA POTABLE DE CONCÓN ANTE FUTUROS ESCENARIOS DE SEQUÍA
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Date
2019
Authors
PÉREZ LAGOS, FELIPE ALBERTO
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Abstract
Lo que busca lograr el presente documento consiste principalmente en evidenciar y dar cuentas del nivel de producción de agua potable que la Planta de Tratamientos de Agua Potable de Concón (en adelante PTAP Concón) va a poder proporcionar, con base en una estimación de los recursos hídricos disponibles, durante los eventos de sequía críticos que se proyectarán desde el año 2015 hasta un horizonte de proyección de 35 años, es decir hasta el año 2050, considerando la infraestructura que constituye la PTAP Concón actualmente.Los procedimientos utilizados para cumplir el objetivo de este documento apuntan a dos puntos fundamentales del trabajo, los cuales consisten en elaborar una estimación, respaldada con métodos comprobados, de la oferta de los recursos hídricos con los que contará la PTAP Concón y la demanda de agua potable que representará el consumo del sector de la quinta región de Chile denominado Litoral Norte de la V Región, el cual se ve suministrado en su totalidad por la planta implicada; siempre considerando que los resultados obtenidos representan la situación en los períodos de sequedad dentro del horizonte de proyección. En este mismo sentido, con las estimaciones realizadas para estos dos parámetros principales, se realiza un análisis comparativo que conlleva un balance hídrico de la zona estudiada.Por otro lado, con el fin de determinar los meses que constituirán los períodos de sequedad críticos, se utilizó el Índice de Precipitación Estandarizado, el cual representa el parámetro más aceptado en la comunidad científica como indicador de eventos de sequía. Dicho índice implica un análisis histórico de las precipitaciones de una locación confinada. Su cálculo está determinado por un algoritmo específico que se explica en extenso en este trabajo.Luego de identificados los períodos secos que es necesario estudiar a fondo, se estiman primero los recursos hídricos disponibles durante los períodos mencionados y a continuación, se proyecta la demanda para todo el horizonte de proyección. El primer punto conlleva determinar la disponibilidad de caudal superficial que fluiría en el río Aconcagua y la disponibilidad de caudal extraíble del sistema acuífero subyacente y adyacente a la zona de desembocadura del mismo río. Lo primero se realiza con el método DGA-AC presentado en DGA-AC (1995). Lo segundo, es decir, la estimación del caudal extraíble desde la napa subterránea que constituye el sistema acuífero de la desembocadura del río Aconcagua, es llevada a cabo con base enl trabajo realizado por Viera, O. (2014). Este trabajo aportó con el modelo compatible al software VISUAL MODFLOW 2010.1 del sistema acuífero mencionado, al cual se le modificaron los datos de entrada pertinentes al escenario en que se está analizando el comportamiento de la napa.Además, se debe realizar una proyección de los niveles de demanda que va a significar el consumo de agua potable hasta el año 2050 en el sector Litoral Norte de la V Región, lo cual se realiza con base en datos confidenciales de esta variable proporcionados por personal de ESVAL S.A.Finalmente, con las dos componentes de la ecuación de balance hídrico estimadas, es posible obtener los valores que alcanzaría el déficit de agua potable en los escenarios críticos de sequía que podría llegar a experimentar el sistema de producción de agua potable que suministra el sector en estudio.
What this document seeks to achieve consists mainly of evidencing and giving an account of the level of production of drinking water that the Concón Drinking Water Treatment Plant (hereinafter PTAP Concón) will be able to provide, based on an estimate of the resources available during the critical drought events that will be projected from 2015 to a projection horizon of 35 years, that is to say until 2050, considering the infrastructure that currently constitutes the PTAP Concón.The procedures used to fulfill the objective of this document point to two fundamental points of the work, which consist in preparing an estimate, supported by proven methods, of the supply of water resources with which the PTAP Concón and the water demand will count. potable that will represent the consumption of the sector of the fifth region of Chile called Litoral Norte of the V Region, which is supplied in its entirety by the plant involved; always considering that the results obtained represent the situation in periods of dryness within the projection horizon. In this same sense, with the estimations made for these two main parameters, a comparative analysis is carried out that entails a water balance of the studied area.On the other hand, in order to determine the months that will constitute the critical dryness periods, the Standardized Precipitation Index was used, which represents the most accepted parameter in the scientific community as an indicator of drought events. This index implies a historical analysis of the precipitations of a confined location. Its calculation is determined by a specific algorithm that is explained extensively in this work.After identifying the dry periods that need to be thoroughly studied, the available water resources are estimated first during the aforementioned periods and then demand is projected for the entire projection horizon.The first point involves determining the availability of surface flow that would flow in the Aconcagua River and the availability of extractable flow of the underlying aquifer system and adjacent to the mouth of the same river. The first is done with the DGA-AC method presented in DGA-AC (1995). The second, that is, the estimation of the extractable flow from the underground layer that constitutes the aquifer system of the mouth of the Aconcagua River, is carried out based on the work carried out by Viera, O. (2014).This work contributed with the compatible model to the software VISUAL MODFLOW 2010.1 of the aforementioned aquifer system, which was modified the input data pertinent to the scenario in which the behavior of the napa is being analyzed.In addition, a projection of the levels of demand that will mean the consumption of drinking water until the year 2050 in the Litoral Norte sector of the V Region must be made, which is done based on confidential data of this variable provided by personnel of ESVAL SAFinally, with the two components of the estimated water balance equation, it is possible to obtain the values that the drinking water deficit would reach in the critical drought scenarios that the potable water production system that supplies the sector under study might experience.
What this document seeks to achieve consists mainly of evidencing and giving an account of the level of production of drinking water that the Concón Drinking Water Treatment Plant (hereinafter PTAP Concón) will be able to provide, based on an estimate of the resources available during the critical drought events that will be projected from 2015 to a projection horizon of 35 years, that is to say until 2050, considering the infrastructure that currently constitutes the PTAP Concón.The procedures used to fulfill the objective of this document point to two fundamental points of the work, which consist in preparing an estimate, supported by proven methods, of the supply of water resources with which the PTAP Concón and the water demand will count. potable that will represent the consumption of the sector of the fifth region of Chile called Litoral Norte of the V Region, which is supplied in its entirety by the plant involved; always considering that the results obtained represent the situation in periods of dryness within the projection horizon. In this same sense, with the estimations made for these two main parameters, a comparative analysis is carried out that entails a water balance of the studied area.On the other hand, in order to determine the months that will constitute the critical dryness periods, the Standardized Precipitation Index was used, which represents the most accepted parameter in the scientific community as an indicator of drought events. This index implies a historical analysis of the precipitations of a confined location. Its calculation is determined by a specific algorithm that is explained extensively in this work.After identifying the dry periods that need to be thoroughly studied, the available water resources are estimated first during the aforementioned periods and then demand is projected for the entire projection horizon.The first point involves determining the availability of surface flow that would flow in the Aconcagua River and the availability of extractable flow of the underlying aquifer system and adjacent to the mouth of the same river. The first is done with the DGA-AC method presented in DGA-AC (1995). The second, that is, the estimation of the extractable flow from the underground layer that constitutes the aquifer system of the mouth of the Aconcagua River, is carried out based on the work carried out by Viera, O. (2014).This work contributed with the compatible model to the software VISUAL MODFLOW 2010.1 of the aforementioned aquifer system, which was modified the input data pertinent to the scenario in which the behavior of the napa is being analyzed.In addition, a projection of the levels of demand that will mean the consumption of drinking water until the year 2050 in the Litoral Norte sector of the V Region must be made, which is done based on confidential data of this variable provided by personnel of ESVAL SAFinally, with the two components of the estimated water balance equation, it is possible to obtain the values that the drinking water deficit would reach in the critical drought scenarios that the potable water production system that supplies the sector under study might experience.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
AGUA POTABLE , DIAGNOSTICO Y PROYECCION , PTAP CONCON , SEQUIA