Thesis CONSTRUCCIÓN DE VIVIENDA SOCIAL MEDIANTE SISTEMA DE PANELES ICF TIPO BLOQUE COMO ALTERNATIVA SUSTENTABLE COMPARADA CON ALBAÑILERÍA
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Date
2019
Authors
SAN MARTIN GONZÁLEZ, CAMILA ANDREA
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Abstract
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo comparar los sistemas constructivos mediante paneles ICF y de albañilería en proyecto de viviendas sociales evaluando las variables costo/plazo para comprobar que la construcción con paneles ICF tipo bloques es una alternativa constructiva para viviendas sociales.
Para poder desarrollar esta evaluación, en primer lugar, se evalúan los costos de ambos sistemas constructivos, se calculan los plazos asociados y se comparan ambas variables. Además, se calculan la cantidad de residuos que se reducen por el cambio de sistema constructivo lo cual trae beneficios para el medio ambiente y también se calcula el ahorro energético producto de una mejor aislación térmica, lo cual disminuye el consumo de calefacción trayendo consigo beneficios para el medio ambiente y para el ahorro económico de las familias.
Los resultados obtenidos contemplan una variación del 0,7% del costo total de proyecto al modificar las partidas asociadas a tabiquería exterior e interior, donde se modifica por tabiquería exterior de albañilería a paneles ICF y en el caso de tabiquería interior de paneles de metalcon a paneles COTUX. Para el caso de cambio de partidas netamente de las tabiquerías, en el caso de tabiquería exterior se tiene una reducción del 20,5% y en el caso de tabiquería interior un aumento del 91,1%, lo cual se contra resta con la disminución de tabiquería exterior, significando un ahorro de costos directos de 681,23 UF. En el caso de plazos, en ambos casos la disminución es considerable, disminuyendo aproximadamente 15 veces para tabiquería exterior y casi 14 veces para tabiquería interior.
En cuanto a los residuos se tiene una reducción del 51% considerando los valores expuestos por el Anexo I del decreto 122/2012 de la ley española para producto de estos cálculos. Para el caso de ahorro energético este tiene una disminución del 88% respecto a albañilería confinada.
Finalmente, se concluye que, al haber una reducción de los costos, reducción de los plazos de ejecución, disminución de residuos producto del sistema constructivo y ahorro energético producto de una mejor aislación térmica, este sistema constructivo si corresponde a una alternativa constructiva para viviendas sociales.
The next work aims to compare construction systems using ICF panels and masonry in social housing projects, evaluating the cost/term variables to verify that construction with ICF panels type blocks is an alternative for social housing. In order to develop this evaluation, in first place, the costs of both construction systems are evaluated, the associated deadlines are calculated and compared with both variables. In addition, the amount of wastes that is reduced for the construction system change is calculated which brings benefits for the environment and also the energy saving is calculated due to a better thermal insulation, which decrease the heating consumption bringing with it benefits for the environment and for the economic savings of families. The obtained results consider a variation of 0.7% of the total Project cost as modify the ítems associated to exterior and interior partition walls, where it is modified by exterior masonry partition walls to ICF panels and in the case of interior panels partition walls of metalcon, to COTUX panels. For the case of only partition walls ítems changes, in exterior partition walls there is a reduction of 20.5% and in the case of interior partition walls an increase of 91.1%, which is counteract by the decrease of exterior partition walls, meaning a saving of direct costs in 681.23 UF. In deadlines cases, in both cases the decrease is considerable, decreasing approximately 15 times for external partitioning and almost 14 times for internal partitioning. In terms of waste, there is a reduction of 51% considering the values set for the “Anexo I of decree 122/2012 of the spanish law for product of these calculations. In the case of energy savings this has a decrease of 88% respect to confined masonry. Finally, it is concluded that, having a costs reduction, deadlines reduction, decrease in waste made by construction system and an energy saving due to a better termal insulation, this construction system does correspond to a building alternative for social housing.
The next work aims to compare construction systems using ICF panels and masonry in social housing projects, evaluating the cost/term variables to verify that construction with ICF panels type blocks is an alternative for social housing. In order to develop this evaluation, in first place, the costs of both construction systems are evaluated, the associated deadlines are calculated and compared with both variables. In addition, the amount of wastes that is reduced for the construction system change is calculated which brings benefits for the environment and also the energy saving is calculated due to a better thermal insulation, which decrease the heating consumption bringing with it benefits for the environment and for the economic savings of families. The obtained results consider a variation of 0.7% of the total Project cost as modify the ítems associated to exterior and interior partition walls, where it is modified by exterior masonry partition walls to ICF panels and in the case of interior panels partition walls of metalcon, to COTUX panels. For the case of only partition walls ítems changes, in exterior partition walls there is a reduction of 20.5% and in the case of interior partition walls an increase of 91.1%, which is counteract by the decrease of exterior partition walls, meaning a saving of direct costs in 681.23 UF. In deadlines cases, in both cases the decrease is considerable, decreasing approximately 15 times for external partitioning and almost 14 times for internal partitioning. In terms of waste, there is a reduction of 51% considering the values set for the “Anexo I of decree 122/2012 of the spanish law for product of these calculations. In the case of energy savings this has a decrease of 88% respect to confined masonry. Finally, it is concluded that, having a costs reduction, deadlines reduction, decrease in waste made by construction system and an energy saving due to a better termal insulation, this construction system does correspond to a building alternative for social housing.
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Keywords
PANELES ICF , VIVIENDA SOCIAL , ALBAÑILERIA