Publication: REVALORIZACIÓN MATERIAL - SISTEMA CONSTRUCTIVO CON TUBOS DE CARTÓN
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Date
2018
Authors
TOLEDO JARA, PABLO TEI-YAL
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Abstract
Actualmente en Chile, los tubos de cartón son un residuo de varias industrias, las que utilizan
stretch film en el paletizado de sus productos. Esto sumado al bajo precio que pagan por reciclarlos y el
modelo de producción lineal imperante en nuestra sociedad, configuran un escenario donde pareciera
no existir una solución al problema de este residuo.
Sin ir más lejos, el arquitecto japonés Shigeru Ban, ganador del premio Pritzker 2014, ha construido
más de 50 obras con tubos de cartón en diferentes países. Lo que demuestra que si es posible
vislumbrar una solución al problema.
El objetivo principal de esta investigación es convertir los tubos de cartón en elementos constructivos
asociados a un sistema estructural primario.
La metodología utilizada se enmarca en el formato de investigación aplicada, la cual se desarrolla
en tres fases. La primera de exploración material, donde se desarrolla el prototipo de conector y los
ensayos mecánicos y de humedad a los tubos de cartón. La segunda contempla un caso de aplicación
donde se propone un pabellón para el festival internacional de innovación social. Y la tercera contempla
el análisis estructural al pabellón propuesto.
Los resultados obtenidos en los ensayos a tracción arrojan que la carga máx. de rotura es de 1700
kgf y la carga máx. en el límite de proporcionalidad es de 500 kgf. Estos datos permitieron establecer el
esfuerzo admisible para cada barra que conforma la estructura de marcos reticulados. En cuanto a los
ensayos de humedad, estos permitieron establecer la humedad relativa máxima donde se podría instalar
la estructura propuesta.
Para analizar dicha estructura, se utilizó el software CYPE 3D, que permitió verificar el esfuerzo en
cada barra, producto de las cargas establecidas según las normas chilenas consideradas. Se realizaron
tres iteraciones que permitieron tomar decisiones informadas sobre el diseño del pabellón y llegar a un
resultado óptimo.
Currently in Chile, cardboard tubes are a waste of several industries, which use stretch film in the palletizing of their products. This added to the low price paid for recycling and the model of linear production prevailing in our society, configure a scene where there seems to be no solution to the problem of this waste. As a case in point, the japanese architect Shigeru Ban, winner of the 2014 Pritzker Prize, has built more than 50 buildings with cardboard tubes in different countries. Which shows that it is possible to catch sigth of a solution to the problem. The main objective of this research is to convert the cardboard tubes into constructive elements associated with a primary structural system. The methodology used it’s framed in the applied research format, which is developed in three phases. The first of material exploration, where the prototype connector is developed and the mechanical and moisture tests to the cardboard tubes. The second contemplates a case of application where a pavilion for the international festival of social innovation is proposed. And the third contemplates the structural analysis to the proposed pavilion. The results obtained in the tensile tests show that the maximun breaking load is 1700 kgf and the maximun load in the proportionality limit is 500 kgf. These data allowed to establish the admissible stress for each bar that makes up the structure of reticulated frames. As for the humidity tests, these allowed to establish the maximum relative humidity where the proposed structure could be installed. To analyze this structure, CYPE 3D software was used, which allowed to verify the strain in each bar, product of the loads established according to chilean standards considered. Three iterations were made that allowed to make informed decisions about the design of the pavilion and reach an optimal result.
Currently in Chile, cardboard tubes are a waste of several industries, which use stretch film in the palletizing of their products. This added to the low price paid for recycling and the model of linear production prevailing in our society, configure a scene where there seems to be no solution to the problem of this waste. As a case in point, the japanese architect Shigeru Ban, winner of the 2014 Pritzker Prize, has built more than 50 buildings with cardboard tubes in different countries. Which shows that it is possible to catch sigth of a solution to the problem. The main objective of this research is to convert the cardboard tubes into constructive elements associated with a primary structural system. The methodology used it’s framed in the applied research format, which is developed in three phases. The first of material exploration, where the prototype connector is developed and the mechanical and moisture tests to the cardboard tubes. The second contemplates a case of application where a pavilion for the international festival of social innovation is proposed. And the third contemplates the structural analysis to the proposed pavilion. The results obtained in the tensile tests show that the maximun breaking load is 1700 kgf and the maximun load in the proportionality limit is 500 kgf. These data allowed to establish the admissible stress for each bar that makes up the structure of reticulated frames. As for the humidity tests, these allowed to establish the maximum relative humidity where the proposed structure could be installed. To analyze this structure, CYPE 3D software was used, which allowed to verify the strain in each bar, product of the loads established according to chilean standards considered. Three iterations were made that allowed to make informed decisions about the design of the pavilion and reach an optimal result.
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Keywords
TUBO DE CARTON , STRETCH FILM , REVALORIZACION MATERIAL , SISTEMA CONSTRUCTIVO , PABELLON