Publication: IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE MODELOS DINÁMICOS DE PLANTAS EÓLICAS Y FOTOVOLTAICAS APLICADOS AL ALGORITMO DE FLUJO DE POTENCIA ÓPTIMO CON RESTRICCIONES DE ESTABILIDAD TRANSITORIA
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Date
2018
Authors
GALLARDO RODRÍGUEZ, GONZALO ANDRÉS
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Abstract
En los sistemas de potencia, el despacho de energía es efectuado según un criterio de optimización económica, cumpliendo con las restricciones de seguridad que exige la regulación de cada país. Sin embargo, dicho proceso no incluye necesariamente las condiciones asociadas a la operación en tiempo real, por lo que el despacho obtenido debe ser verificado mediante la simulación de la dinámica del sistema. El flujo de potencia óptimo con restricciones de estabilidad transitoria (TSC-OPF, por sus siglas en inglés) es un algoritmo de optimización que incluye las restricciones de estabilidad transitoria dentro de la formulación del problema. De esta forma, la dinámica del sistema es considerada dentro del proceso de optimización.El desarrollo de este trabajo se basa en la tesis de doctorado del profesor Dr. Ignacio Calle [1]. En dicho documento, la formulación del TSC-OPF considera la ocurrencia de un cortocircuito trifásico simulado mediante las ecuaciones algebraico-diferenciales que gobiernan la dinámica del sistema. En el planteamiento del problema se incluye la representación en dos ejes de la máquina sincrónica, así como también un enlace de alta tensión en corriente continua (HVDC, por sus siglas en inglés). Esta memoria presenta una propuesta para incluir la dinámica de plantas eólicas y fotovoltaicas al algoritmo TSC-OPF, extendiendo con ello el alcance del trabajo previo.Con la finalidad considerar un parque eólico en el TSC-OPF, se estudia la dinámica y esquema de control de una unidad generadora eólica del tipo doblemente alimentada (DFIG, por sus siglas en inglés), que incluye el uso de la protección tipo crowbar. Posteriormente, el parque en su totalidad es representado mediante un régimen de operación predeterminado durante falla (FRT, por sus siglas en inglés), basado en un modelo tipo bloque de potencia controlado. Ambos modelos son comparados mediante el resultado obtenido por el TSC-OPF.La representación de una planta fotovoltaica en el TSC-OPF es efectuada mediante un modelo tipo FRT, el que a su vez depende de la magnitud de la tensión en barras en el punto de interconexión. Dicho FRT es de similares características al utilizado para modelar un parque eólico. El impacto de la planta fotovoltaica sobre el TSC-OPF es analizado mediante la comparación con el costo obtenido al ejecutar un flujo de potencia óptimo (OPF, por sus siglas en inglés).
In power systems, the dispatch of energy is carried out according to an economic optimization criteria, complying with security constraints required by the regulation of each country. However, this process does not necessarily include the conditions associated with the operation in real time, so the dispatch obtained must be verified by simulating the dynamics of the system. The transient stability constrained optimal power flow (TSC-OPF) is an optimization algorithm that includes transient stability constraints within the formulation of the problem. In this way, the dynamics of the system is considered within the optimization process.The development of this work is based on the PhD thesis of Professor Dr. Ignacio Calle [1]. In that document, the formulation of the TSC-OPF considers the occurrence of a three-phase short circuit simulated by the algebraic-differential equations that govern the dynamics of the system. In this approach, the problem includes the representation in two axes of the synchronous machine, as well as a high voltage direct current (HVDC) link. This report presents a proposal to include the dynamics of wind and photovoltaic plants to the TSC-OPF algorithm, thus extending the scope of previous work.In order to consider a wind farm in the TSC-OPF, the dynamics and control scheme of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is studied, which includes the use of a crowbar protection. Subsequently, the complete wind farm is represented by a so called fault ride through (FRT) scheme, based on a power block-type model of the farm. Both models are compared by the result obtained by the TSC-OPF.The representation of a photovoltaic plant in the TSC-OPF is carried out by means of a FRT model, which is defined by the magnitude of the bus voltage at the interconnection point. This FRT model has similar characteristics to that used to model a wind farm. The impact of the photovoltaic plant on the TSC-OPF is analyzed by comparing it with the cost obtained by executing an optimal power flow (OPF).
In power systems, the dispatch of energy is carried out according to an economic optimization criteria, complying with security constraints required by the regulation of each country. However, this process does not necessarily include the conditions associated with the operation in real time, so the dispatch obtained must be verified by simulating the dynamics of the system. The transient stability constrained optimal power flow (TSC-OPF) is an optimization algorithm that includes transient stability constraints within the formulation of the problem. In this way, the dynamics of the system is considered within the optimization process.The development of this work is based on the PhD thesis of Professor Dr. Ignacio Calle [1]. In that document, the formulation of the TSC-OPF considers the occurrence of a three-phase short circuit simulated by the algebraic-differential equations that govern the dynamics of the system. In this approach, the problem includes the representation in two axes of the synchronous machine, as well as a high voltage direct current (HVDC) link. This report presents a proposal to include the dynamics of wind and photovoltaic plants to the TSC-OPF algorithm, thus extending the scope of previous work.In order to consider a wind farm in the TSC-OPF, the dynamics and control scheme of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is studied, which includes the use of a crowbar protection. Subsequently, the complete wind farm is represented by a so called fault ride through (FRT) scheme, based on a power block-type model of the farm. Both models are compared by the result obtained by the TSC-OPF.The representation of a photovoltaic plant in the TSC-OPF is carried out by means of a FRT model, which is defined by the magnitude of the bus voltage at the interconnection point. This FRT model has similar characteristics to that used to model a wind farm. The impact of the photovoltaic plant on the TSC-OPF is analyzed by comparing it with the cost obtained by executing an optimal power flow (OPF).
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
ESTABILIDAD TRANSITORIA , FLUJO DE POTENCIA , PLANTAS EOLICAS , TSC-OPF