Publication: METODOLOGÍA PARA LA GESTIÓN DE REPUESTOS CRÍTICOS BASADA EN LAS CONDICIONES DE CONFIABILIDAD INICIALES Y CONSIDERANDO TIEMPO DE ENTREGA ESTOCÁSTICO
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Date
2018
Authors
LAFFERTE AGUILAR, JEAN MICHEL
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Abstract
Las empresas de hoy en día, en general, para lograr surgir dentro de su industria y mantenerse en el tiempo, buscan políticas a seguir que les permitan trabajar de la mejor y más óptima forma posible, en pos de maximizar los beneficios. Dada la alta competitividad existente, en muchas ocasiones las empresas se ven presionadas a implementar políticas como la reducción de costos de operación y el aumento de la utilización. Esto tiene un alto impacto en aquellos equipos que presentan una criticidad dentro de la continuidad operativa, situación que puede afectar a la confiabilidad del sistema.El tomar malas decisiones respecto a la utilización de los equipos puede acortar la vida útil de los mismos, mermando principalmente aquellas piezas clave del componente y que son gestionadas de acuerdo a su condición, las cuales serán denominadas bajo el concepto de Condition Managed Critical Spares (CMS), que tienen como característica ser piezas costosas, altamente confiables, poseer altos tiempos de entrega y no estar disponibles en bodega. Si una de estas piezas falla y no se tienen repuestos para su reemplazo en ese momento, entonces surge el problema de continuidad operativa. Se ve necesario entonces lograr un sistema en donde se optimice la disponibilidad de los componentes críticos y de esa forma minimizar el tiempo que se tiene detenido el proceso productivo sin incurrir en el derroche por gastos de inventarios.Para ello se propone desarrollar un indicador que ayuda en el momento de tomar la decisión de orden de los CMS, relacionando la confiabilidad condicional con el tiempo de entrega de la pieza mediante la teoría de estrés-fuerza, llamado Condition-Based Service Level (CBSL).El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en desarrollar la metodología que permita orientar a los gestores si amerita realizar la orden de CMS en un momento determinado o bien continuar con el proceso productivo, de forma tal de mantener un alto nivel de servicio y al mismo tiempo disminuir los costos operativos.El método gráfico desarrollado en esta metodología muestra que es posible encontrar un tiempo ideal para realizar la orden de repuestos, el cual permite soportar la variabilidad del tiempo con respecto a los tiempos de entrega. Además, muestra que los costos operativos bajan significativamente usando este indicador como ayuda.En conclusión, se entrega una técnica para mejorar la decisión de ordenar piezas de repuesto de componentes críticos para mantener un nivel de servicio deseado, soportando la variabilidad del tiempo de entrega y además reduciendo los costos operativos comparando a la situación inicial.Para trabajos posteriores se puede buscar realizar una evaluación de esta metodología incluyendo el factor económico además del referente a la confiabilidad, demostrando que se tienen resultados favorables en los costos operativos de la misma.
The companies in general to be able to arise within their industry and to stay in time, they look for policies to follow that allow them to work in the best and optimal way possible, in order to maximize the benefits. Thanks to the high level of competitiveness, companies are often pressured to implement policies such as reducing operating costs and increasing utilization. This has a high impact on those machines that present a criticality within the operational continuity, a situation that can affect the reliability of the system.Making bad decisions regarding the use of the equipment can shorten the useful life of it, reducing mainly those key parts of the component that are managed according to their condition, which will be called under the concept of Condition Managed Critical Spares (CMS), which have the characteristic of being expensive, highly reliable pieces, with higher lead times and are not available in store. If one of these parts fails and there are no spare parts for replacement at that time, then the problem of operational continuity arises. It is necessary then to achieve a system where the availability of critical components is optimized and in this way minimize the time that the productive process has been stopped without incurring the waste of inventory expenses.For this, it is proposed to develop an indicator that helps in the decision making of the CMS, relating the conditional reliability with the lead time of the piece by the stress-force theory, called Condition-Based Service Level (CBSL).The aim of this work is to develop the methodology to guide managers if it is necessary the CMS order at a specific time or to continue with the production process, in order to be satisfying a high level of service and be reducing operating costs at the same time.The graphical method developed in this methodology shows that it is possible to find an ideal time to make the order of spare parts, which allows to support the variability of time with respect to lead times. Also, it shows that operating costs go down significantly using this indicator as aid.In conclusion, a technique is delivered to improve the decision to order spare parts of critical components to maintain a desired level of service, supporting the variability of delivery time and also reducing operating costs compared to the initial situation.For later works, an evaluation of this methodology can be sought, including the economic factor as well as the reliability one, showing that there are favorable results in the operating costs of the same.
The companies in general to be able to arise within their industry and to stay in time, they look for policies to follow that allow them to work in the best and optimal way possible, in order to maximize the benefits. Thanks to the high level of competitiveness, companies are often pressured to implement policies such as reducing operating costs and increasing utilization. This has a high impact on those machines that present a criticality within the operational continuity, a situation that can affect the reliability of the system.Making bad decisions regarding the use of the equipment can shorten the useful life of it, reducing mainly those key parts of the component that are managed according to their condition, which will be called under the concept of Condition Managed Critical Spares (CMS), which have the characteristic of being expensive, highly reliable pieces, with higher lead times and are not available in store. If one of these parts fails and there are no spare parts for replacement at that time, then the problem of operational continuity arises. It is necessary then to achieve a system where the availability of critical components is optimized and in this way minimize the time that the productive process has been stopped without incurring the waste of inventory expenses.For this, it is proposed to develop an indicator that helps in the decision making of the CMS, relating the conditional reliability with the lead time of the piece by the stress-force theory, called Condition-Based Service Level (CBSL).The aim of this work is to develop the methodology to guide managers if it is necessary the CMS order at a specific time or to continue with the production process, in order to be satisfying a high level of service and be reducing operating costs at the same time.The graphical method developed in this methodology shows that it is possible to find an ideal time to make the order of spare parts, which allows to support the variability of time with respect to lead times. Also, it shows that operating costs go down significantly using this indicator as aid.In conclusion, a technique is delivered to improve the decision to order spare parts of critical components to maintain a desired level of service, supporting the variability of delivery time and also reducing operating costs compared to the initial situation.For later works, an evaluation of this methodology can be sought, including the economic factor as well as the reliability one, showing that there are favorable results in the operating costs of the same.
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Keywords
CONDICIONES DE CONFIABILIDAD , GESTION DE REPUESTOS , TIEMPO DE ENTREGA ESTOCASTICO