Thesis AVIACIÓN SUSTENTABLE. UNA PROPUESTA DE MODELO DE MANTENIMIENTO Y MEDICIÓN QUE BUSCA REDUCIR LOS NIVELES DE EMISIÓN DE GASES CONTAMINANTES EN CHILE PROVENIENTES DE LA INDUSTRIA AERONÁUTICA
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Date
2017
Authors
ÁLVAREZ BRIONES, IGNACIO ANDRÉS
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Abstract
En la actualidad la aviación civil mundial está creciendo rápidamente en alrededor de un 5% cada año (M. Masiol, R.M. Harrison, Atmospheric Environment, 2014). Este crecimiento se asocia al desarrollo económico y a la globalización. El impacto de este crecimiento preocupa a las autoridades medioambientales. Se debate si los gases emitidos por la industria aeronáutica son o no representativos en el cambio climático, en el deterioro de la calidad del aire en las vecindades de aeropuertos y en la contaminación acústica, tanto en los cielos como en la tierra.Este problema medioambiental es de gran interés para la comunidad científica y los organismos públicos reglamentarios puesto que no está clara la brecha entre los valores límites y objetivos de muchos contaminantes del aire, como son, los Nitrógenos de Oxido y el Material Particulado, que normalmente se encuentran en los aeropuertos más demandados del mundo y que pueden resultar en graves consecuencias de salud pública.A raíz de la problemática mundial, se han tomado iniciativas para estudiar el impacto de los gases contaminantes generados por la industria aeronáutica en la salud de los seres vivos, en el cambio climático, en la calidad del aire local, etc. La comunidad científica y los organismos medio ambientales han logrado esclarecer distintos comportamientos de los gases contaminantes, que resultan relevantes para establecer si éstos pueden significar un riesgo de contaminación mayor.Dada la necesidad de estudiar y cuantificar estos gases contaminantes en el mundo, la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI) busca establecer una meta de carbono neutro para el año 2020, de esta forma todos los países participantes de este proyecto pueden contribuir positivamente a la reducción de agentes contaminantes y mejorar la calidad de vida de los habitantes del planeta.De este Trabajo de Memoria se espera contextualizar el rol que juegan cada uno de estos gases contaminantes en la atmósfera y sus correspondientes formas de emisión a través de los motores utilizados por las aeronaves comerciales actuales y sus consecuencias en el medio ambiente en diversos territorios del planeta, asimismo mencionar medidas correctivas y reglamentarias vigentes.Se entrega, además, una propuesta de dos modelos; uno de medición y otro de mantenimiento que permiten obtener un inventario inicial de gases contaminantes en Chile y entregar escenarios favorables y desfavorables con la implementación de estos modelos.
Currently, world civil aviation is rapidly growing by about 5% each year (M. Masiol, R. M. Harrison, Atmospheric Environment, 2014). This growth is predominately associated with economic development and globalization. The impacts of civil aviation growth are of great concern to the world's environmental authorities, who debate whether gases emitted by the aeronautical industry contribute to climate change, the deterioration of air quality in the vicinity of airports and noise pollution in both the sky and the earth. This environmental problem is of particular interest to the scientific community and to policy makers, especially in relation to the breach of limit and target values for many air pollutants, mainly nitrogen oxides and particulate matter near the busiest airports, which have grave consequences for public health.As a result of the global problem, precautionary measures have been taken to study the impact of polluting gases generated by the aeronautical industry on human health, climate change, local air quality and some other gaps that have not been discovered yet. The scientific community and environmental organizations have been working to clarify the different behaviors of these pollutant gases. Such behaviors are important to establish as they could pose greater levels of contamination.Given the necessity to study and generate pollutant gases inventories around the world, the main target is to establish a neutral carbon index by the year 2020. With this target in mind, all the countries participating in this project can contribute to the reduction of aeronautic pollutants and improve air quality for the world’s inhabitants This paper describes the role played by each of these pollutant gases in the atmosphere and their process of emission through airplane engines. It also discusses the global debate of the consequences of these gases on the diverse territories of the planet. Additionally, it considers the different regulations in place in involved countries.
Currently, world civil aviation is rapidly growing by about 5% each year (M. Masiol, R. M. Harrison, Atmospheric Environment, 2014). This growth is predominately associated with economic development and globalization. The impacts of civil aviation growth are of great concern to the world's environmental authorities, who debate whether gases emitted by the aeronautical industry contribute to climate change, the deterioration of air quality in the vicinity of airports and noise pollution in both the sky and the earth. This environmental problem is of particular interest to the scientific community and to policy makers, especially in relation to the breach of limit and target values for many air pollutants, mainly nitrogen oxides and particulate matter near the busiest airports, which have grave consequences for public health.As a result of the global problem, precautionary measures have been taken to study the impact of polluting gases generated by the aeronautical industry on human health, climate change, local air quality and some other gaps that have not been discovered yet. The scientific community and environmental organizations have been working to clarify the different behaviors of these pollutant gases. Such behaviors are important to establish as they could pose greater levels of contamination.Given the necessity to study and generate pollutant gases inventories around the world, the main target is to establish a neutral carbon index by the year 2020. With this target in mind, all the countries participating in this project can contribute to the reduction of aeronautic pollutants and improve air quality for the world’s inhabitants This paper describes the role played by each of these pollutant gases in the atmosphere and their process of emission through airplane engines. It also discusses the global debate of the consequences of these gases on the diverse territories of the planet. Additionally, it considers the different regulations in place in involved countries.
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Keywords
CHILE , CONTAMINACION , MEDIO AMBIENTE , MODELOS