Thesis ANÁLISIS PARA LA INFILTRACIÓN ARTIFICIAL DE AGUA EN LA CUENCA DEL RÍO HUASCO
Date
2018
Authors
GOITIANDIA GUTIÉRREZ, NICOLÁS
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Abstract
Actualmente existe un déficit hídrico considerable que aumentará con el pasar de los años. Teniendo en consideración este escenario, es necesario proponer nuevas formas para mitigar estos efectos que tienen repercusiones sociales y económicas, ya que afecta directamente a la agricultura, industria y consumo humano.La cuenca del Rio Huasco, tiene gran desarrollo agrícola y su principal hidroregulador es el embalse Santa Juana. Éste último, provee de agua a todos los regantes aguas abajo y su operación es regulada por la Junta de Vigilancia del Rio Huasco y sus Afluentes(JVRHA).El presente trabajo, tiene por objetivo proponer una forma, con menor costo ecológico y económico, de administrar el recurso hídrico tratando de retener mayor cantidad de agua en el territorio continental durante las grandes crecidas. Esto se puede lograr utilizando el potencial de almacenamiento que tiene el subsuelo. Para realizar esto, se debió estudiar la geología e hidrogeología del lugar para saber qué lugares son los más propicios para infiltrar al acuífero.Para cargar el acuífero se ha estudiado distintos métodos basándose en la experiencia internacional y nacional. Se hace uso pozos profundos, por su capacidad y rapidez de disponibilidad del recurso ya que es inyectado directamente en la zona saturada, y por el costo de expropiación porque los otros métodos utilizan una mayor extensión de área superficial.Analizando y evaluando las características del área de estudio, se observó que los lugares con mejores características para infiltrar se encuentran aguas abajo del embalse Santa Juana hasta Loncomilla, en donde los niveles estáticos alcanzan un promedio de 20[m], una conductividad hidráulica de 4.32[m/día] y un coeficiente de almacenamiento de 8% a 12%. Se seleccionaron 4 zonas de inyección con distintas áreas de influencia que fueron utilizadas para calcular la capacidad de agua a recargar en el acuífero.Por la configuración de la cuenca es necesario hacer una simulación de operación del embalse Santa Juana cumpliendo con las normas de operación inscritas en el Conservador de Bienes Raíces, en donde, se propone inyectar agua hasta subir el nivel saturado en 5[m]. Con esto, y el área de influencia de cada zona, se calcularon los 12.970.460[m³] de agua que se propone como límite de recarga. La simulación se hizo con 31 años de ciclo recarga-extracción desde el acuífero, en donde el acuífero, abastecería con 359.215.414[m³] de agua al sistema. Finalmente se hace una estimación económica del costo del proyecto mediante un análisis simple.Se concluye que es un proyecto preliminar viable debido a que ayuda a mitigar los efectos del déficit hídrico, y que para tener mejores resultados se necesita hacer más estudios de estratigrafía y de nivel estático en los sectores potenciales.
Currently there is a considerable water deficit that will increase with the passing of the years. Considering this scenario, it is necessary to propose new ways to mitigate these effects that have social and economic repercussions, since it directly affects agriculture, industry and human consumption.The Huasco River basin has great agricultural development and its main hydroregulator is the Santa Juana reservoir. The latter provides water to all irrigators downstream and its operation is regulated by the “Junta de Vigilancia del Río Huasco y sus Afluentes (JVRHA).The objective of this work is to propose a way, with less ecological and economic cost, to manage the water resource, trying to retain more water in the continental territory during large floods. This can be achieved by using the storage potential of the subsoil. To do this, it was necessary to study the geology and hydrogeology of the place to know which places are the most propitious to infiltrate in the aquifer.To load the aquifer, different methods have been studied based on international and national experience. Deep wells are used, due to their capacity and rapid availability of the resource since it is injected directly into the saturated zone, and because of the cost of expropriation because the other methods use a greater extension of surface area.Analyzing and evaluating the characteristics of the study area, it was observed that the places with the best characteristics to infiltrate are downstream from the Santa Juana reservoir to Loncomilla, where the static levels reach an average of 20 [m], a hydraulic conductivity of 4.32. [m / day] and a storage coefficient of 8% to 12%. Four injection zones were selected with different areas of influence that were used to calculate the water capacity to be recharged in the aquifer.Due to the configuration of the basin, it is necessary to simulate the operation of the Santa Juana reservoir, complying with the operating rules registered with the Proppety Register, where it is proposed to inject water until the saturated level is increased by 5 [m]. With this, and the area of influence of each zone, the 12,970,460 [m³] of water proposed as the recharge limit was calculated. The simulation was done with 31 years of recharge-extraction cycle from the aquifer, where the aquifer would supply 359,215,414 [m³] of water to the system. Finally, an economic estimate of the cost of the project is made through a simple analysis.It is concluded that it is a feasible preliminary project because it helps to mitigate the effects of the water deficit, and that in order to have better results more studies of stratigraphy and static level are needed in the potential sectors.
Currently there is a considerable water deficit that will increase with the passing of the years. Considering this scenario, it is necessary to propose new ways to mitigate these effects that have social and economic repercussions, since it directly affects agriculture, industry and human consumption.The Huasco River basin has great agricultural development and its main hydroregulator is the Santa Juana reservoir. The latter provides water to all irrigators downstream and its operation is regulated by the “Junta de Vigilancia del Río Huasco y sus Afluentes (JVRHA).The objective of this work is to propose a way, with less ecological and economic cost, to manage the water resource, trying to retain more water in the continental territory during large floods. This can be achieved by using the storage potential of the subsoil. To do this, it was necessary to study the geology and hydrogeology of the place to know which places are the most propitious to infiltrate in the aquifer.To load the aquifer, different methods have been studied based on international and national experience. Deep wells are used, due to their capacity and rapid availability of the resource since it is injected directly into the saturated zone, and because of the cost of expropriation because the other methods use a greater extension of surface area.Analyzing and evaluating the characteristics of the study area, it was observed that the places with the best characteristics to infiltrate are downstream from the Santa Juana reservoir to Loncomilla, where the static levels reach an average of 20 [m], a hydraulic conductivity of 4.32. [m / day] and a storage coefficient of 8% to 12%. Four injection zones were selected with different areas of influence that were used to calculate the water capacity to be recharged in the aquifer.Due to the configuration of the basin, it is necessary to simulate the operation of the Santa Juana reservoir, complying with the operating rules registered with the Proppety Register, where it is proposed to inject water until the saturated level is increased by 5 [m]. With this, and the area of influence of each zone, the 12,970,460 [m³] of water proposed as the recharge limit was calculated. The simulation was done with 31 years of recharge-extraction cycle from the aquifer, where the aquifer would supply 359,215,414 [m³] of water to the system. Finally, an economic estimate of the cost of the project is made through a simple analysis.It is concluded that it is a feasible preliminary project because it helps to mitigate the effects of the water deficit, and that in order to have better results more studies of stratigraphy and static level are needed in the potential sectors.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
CUENCA , HIDROGEOLOGIA , INFILTRACION , RIO HUASCO