Thesis DISEÑO DE UN SISTEMA DE PRE-MEZCLA E INYECCIÓN DE BIOGÁS CON GAS NATURAL PARA TECNOLOGÍA DE GENERACIÓN TERMOELÉCTRICA
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Date
2016
Authors
LÓPEZ GAJARDO, MARIANA FERNANDA
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Abstract
Debido a los desafíos energéticos y ambientales que enfrenta Chile en la actualidad, resulta relevante el estudio de alternativas de generación y de las tecnologías asociadas a la generación de energía mediante fuentes no tradicionales. El biogás es un combustible que se obtiene a partir de residuos orgánicos de la industria, valorizándolos energéticamente y alineándose a los desafíos planteados.En este trabajo se estudió en particular la mezcla biogás-gas natural, con el fin de aprovechar la similitud que existe entre dichos combustibles y poder generar una cantidad establecida de potencia. Además se estudió la normativa ambiental que se aplica en proyectos de este tipo.Para poder estudiar de mejor forma este comportamiento de las distintas mezclas se utilizó un caso de análisis que permitiera tener un acercamiento teórico al comportamiento energético de esta mezcla. En particular, se utilizó gas natural proveniente de gasoducto, el cual posee una composición representativa para Chile y biogás proveniente de residuos de la industria vitivinícola. Además de esto se hizo el análisis para mezclas con predominancia de biogás.Debido a la distinta composición de ambos combustibles, principalmente marcada por la diferencia en cuanto a porcentaje de volumen que existe entre los compuestos de valor energético del biogás y el gas natural, a medida que el biogás era predominante la mezcla se hace menos competitiva en términos energéticos: por ejemplo, el poder calorífico superior e inferior de la mezcla tiene un comportamiento a la baja, el caudal y flujo másico tienen un comportamiento a la alza.A partir de la información obtenida se buscaron alternativas tecnológicas para poder desarrollar físicamente la mezcla biogás-gas natural, lo que se traduce en dos propuestas de sistema de pre-mezcla e inyección para la generación de 1 [MW] de potencia. Estas propuestas se abordaron en cuanto al diseño de las líneas (diámetros y espesores de tubería), los materiales y efectos que se podrían generar en ellos y la lógica de control para que el sistema pueda controlar la proporción de la mezcla y además que se haya una producción segura y continua.El estudio realizado es de naturaleza teórica y entrega bases de procedimiento para la generación de otras cantidades de potencia y diferentes composiciones de los combustibles que las aquí utilizadas. Si se quisiera llevar a cabo un sistema de este tipo se recomienda realizas ensayos para el estudio del comportamiento de la mezcla y la construcción de un prototipo para validar o complementar lo que se expone en este trabajo.
Because of the energetic and environmental challenges that Chile is currently facing, seems relevant the study of generation alternatives and technologies associated to the power generation with non-conventional sources. Biogas is a fuel obtained from organic residues from the industry, valuing them energetically and aligning with the set challenges.This work particularly studied the biogas-natural gas mixture, with the purpose of taking advantage of the similitude that exist between those fuels and to be able to generate an established amount of power. Besides, in this work the environmental regulations that applies in this kind of projects has been studied.To be able to study the behavior of the different mixtures in a better manner, it was used a case of analysis that would allow a better approach to the energetic behavior of this mixture. Particularly, it was used natural gas from pipeline, which owns a representative composition for Chile, and biogas from wine industry residues. Also, the analysis was made for mixtures with predominance of biogas.Because of the different composition of both fuels, mainly marked by the difference in the volumetric percentage that exist between the energetic value compounds of the biogas and natural gas, as the biogas was predominant, the mixture becomes less competitive in energetic terms: for example, the higher and lower heating value of the mixture has a downward trend, flow and flow mass rate has an upward behavior.From the obtained information, different alternatives to be able to physically develop de biogas-natural gas mixture were searched, which translate in two different proposals of pre-mixture and injection systems for the power generation of 1 [MW]. These proposals were approached in terms of pipeline design (diameter and thickness), the materials and the effects they could generate on them and the controlling logic so the system could be able to control the proportion of the mixture and that there is a continuous and safe operation.This study has a theoretical nature and gives bases of procedure to another amount of power generation and different fuel compositions than those used here. If a system like this wants to be implemented, testing for the study of the mixture behavior and the construction of a prototype to validate or complement what is here displayed is recommended.
Because of the energetic and environmental challenges that Chile is currently facing, seems relevant the study of generation alternatives and technologies associated to the power generation with non-conventional sources. Biogas is a fuel obtained from organic residues from the industry, valuing them energetically and aligning with the set challenges.This work particularly studied the biogas-natural gas mixture, with the purpose of taking advantage of the similitude that exist between those fuels and to be able to generate an established amount of power. Besides, in this work the environmental regulations that applies in this kind of projects has been studied.To be able to study the behavior of the different mixtures in a better manner, it was used a case of analysis that would allow a better approach to the energetic behavior of this mixture. Particularly, it was used natural gas from pipeline, which owns a representative composition for Chile, and biogas from wine industry residues. Also, the analysis was made for mixtures with predominance of biogas.Because of the different composition of both fuels, mainly marked by the difference in the volumetric percentage that exist between the energetic value compounds of the biogas and natural gas, as the biogas was predominant, the mixture becomes less competitive in energetic terms: for example, the higher and lower heating value of the mixture has a downward trend, flow and flow mass rate has an upward behavior.From the obtained information, different alternatives to be able to physically develop de biogas-natural gas mixture were searched, which translate in two different proposals of pre-mixture and injection systems for the power generation of 1 [MW]. These proposals were approached in terms of pipeline design (diameter and thickness), the materials and the effects they could generate on them and the controlling logic so the system could be able to control the proportion of the mixture and that there is a continuous and safe operation.This study has a theoretical nature and gives bases of procedure to another amount of power generation and different fuel compositions than those used here. If a system like this wants to be implemented, testing for the study of the mixture behavior and the construction of a prototype to validate or complement what is here displayed is recommended.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
BIOGAS , GAS NATURAL , GENERACION DE ENERGIA , MEZCLA DE GASES