Thesis ÁNALISIS DE EFICIENCIA ENERGETICA DE MURO CON FARDOS DE PAJA Y REVOQUES DE TIERRA CRUDA
Date
2017
Authors
PONCE YÁÑEZ, VÍCTOR EDUARDO
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Abstract
Estudios recientes muestran que la industria de la construcción es responsable del 30% de lacontaminación a nivel mundial. En el ciclo de vida de una vivienda en Chile, el 34,61% de laenergía corresponde a la extracción y fabricación de los materiales, el 0.01% a la construcción,y el 65,38% al uso y funcionamiento de las construcciones. Disminuir la energía que se usa enuna vivienda durante su ciclo de vida, pasa por usar materiales que permitan ser más eficientesenergéticamente. Actualmente en Chile, se creó la Estrategia Nacional de ConstrucciónSustentable, que es llevada a cabo por el Ministerio de Obras Públicas, Ministerio de Vivienday Urbanismo, Ministerio de Energía y el Ministerio de Medio Ambiente con el objetivo decoordinar, promover, difundir y fomentar la construcción sustentable en el país, por medio deincentivos al emprendimiento en el área de la construcción sustentable, así como también pormedio de fondos concursables públicos y fomento a la innovación en la construcción por mediode I+D en tecnología sustentable.El objetivo de la presente memoria, es realizar el análisis de la eficiencia energética del sistemaconstructivo de un muro con fardos de paja, a fin de cumplir con la Estrategia Nacional deConstrucción Sustentable y promover la Innovación en el área de la Construcción, mostrandola viabilidad del uso de éste sistema constructivo.Para lograr el objetivo propuesto, se realizará la comparación de eficiencia energética de unmuro de fardos de paja contra 5 sistemas constructivos, los cuales son: muro de albañilería conladrillo, muro de albañilería con bloques de hormigón celular, muro con panel estructuralCovintec, muro con panel estructural SIP y muro con estructura de madera y aislación térmicade lana mineral. Para ello se realizará un análisis técnico, describiendo los materiales y comose ejecuta cada sistema, se realizará un análisis de eficiencia energética, describiendo laspropiedades térmicas de cada sistema, cuantificando monetariamente la energía quepierden, comparando los costos de construcción de cada sistema y por ultimo haciendo unacomparación por medio de fichas técnicas que muestran los resultados analizados parapoder realizar una comparativa más fácil y obtener conclusiones al respecto.
Recent studies show that the construction industry is responsable for the 30% of globalpollution. When we look at the Chilean housing's lifecycle, we find that almost 35% of thewhole energy used correspond to raw materials extraction and its manufacturing process; morethan 65% represents the maintence and use of the construction, but only 0,01% is theconstruction itself. Decreasing the energy invested in the housing lifecycle, nowadays, is ahuge challenge. The key is to learn to chose more energic eficent materials. At present in Chile,has been created the National Strategy of Sustainable Construction, which it has beenpermorming in hands of the Public Works Ministry, Housing and Urban DevelopmentMinistry, Energy Ministry and also Environment Ministry with the objetive of coordinating,spreading and encourage sustainable construction in the country, through incentives to promoteentrepreneurship, as well as through public competitive grants and promotion of innovation inthe construction through I+D in sustainable technology.The objective of the present report, is the analysis of the efficiency of the system of theconstruction of a wall with bales of straw, in order to comply with the national strategy ofsustainable construction and promote innovation in the area of construction, showing thefeasibility of using this construction system.To achieve the proposed objective, we are going to compare the energy efficiency of a wall ofbales of straw against 5 different building systems, which are: wall masonry with brick,masonry with blocks of cellular concrete wall with structural panel Covintec, SIP structuralpanel wall and wall with wood structure and thermal insulation of mineral wool. This analysiswill be a technical one, describing the materials in details and of course, the process inself as awhole. An energy efficiency analysis will be also necesary, describing the thermal propertiesof each system, monetarily quantifying energy wasting, compare the costs of construction ofeach system and finally we are going to draw conclusive findings from a technical data sheetscomparision.
Recent studies show that the construction industry is responsable for the 30% of globalpollution. When we look at the Chilean housing's lifecycle, we find that almost 35% of thewhole energy used correspond to raw materials extraction and its manufacturing process; morethan 65% represents the maintence and use of the construction, but only 0,01% is theconstruction itself. Decreasing the energy invested in the housing lifecycle, nowadays, is ahuge challenge. The key is to learn to chose more energic eficent materials. At present in Chile,has been created the National Strategy of Sustainable Construction, which it has beenpermorming in hands of the Public Works Ministry, Housing and Urban DevelopmentMinistry, Energy Ministry and also Environment Ministry with the objetive of coordinating,spreading and encourage sustainable construction in the country, through incentives to promoteentrepreneurship, as well as through public competitive grants and promotion of innovation inthe construction through I+D in sustainable technology.The objective of the present report, is the analysis of the efficiency of the system of theconstruction of a wall with bales of straw, in order to comply with the national strategy ofsustainable construction and promote innovation in the area of construction, showing thefeasibility of using this construction system.To achieve the proposed objective, we are going to compare the energy efficiency of a wall ofbales of straw against 5 different building systems, which are: wall masonry with brick,masonry with blocks of cellular concrete wall with structural panel Covintec, SIP structuralpanel wall and wall with wood structure and thermal insulation of mineral wool. This analysiswill be a technical one, describing the materials in details and of course, the process inself as awhole. An energy efficiency analysis will be also necesary, describing the thermal propertiesof each system, monetarily quantifying energy wasting, compare the costs of construction ofeach system and finally we are going to draw conclusive findings from a technical data sheetscomparision.
Description
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Keywords
ANALISIS DE EFICIENCIA ENERGETICA , REVOQUES DE TIERRA CRUDA , SISTEMA CONSTRUCTIVO CON PAJA