Thesis EFECTO DEL PORTAINJERTO INIA SOBRE LA PRODUCTIVIDAD Y CONTENIDO MINERAL DEL TOMATE LIMACHINO ANTIGUO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSCUM MILL) CULTIVADO BAJO CONDICIONES DE INVERNADERO EN LA REGIÓN DE VALPARAISO, CHILE
Date
2016
Authors
CASTRO GALLARDO, FERNANDO OSVALDO
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Abstract
La investigación en nutrición y fertilidad en portainjertos para tomate no ha sido muy desarrollada en Chile, y variedades locales de tomate con buenas características organolépticas y sensoriales (“aroma y sabor”) están siendo demanda por el consumidor, no obstante su problema de escasa vida pos cosecha. La propuesta considera implementar el manejo de injertación en el Tomate Limachino Antiguo para resolver el problema aludido, ya que existen antecedentes que la utilización de portainjerto permite una mayor absorción de nutrientes desde el suelo por parte de la raíces. Este estudio postula que “el Tomate Limachino Antiguo (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) injertado sobre el portainjerto INIA, posee una mayor extracción de nutrientes desde suelo (N-P-K-Ca-Mg y Na) que el Tomate Limachino Antiguo injertado sobre sí mismo”. El propósito del estudio fue determinar el efecto del portainjerto INIA sobre crecimiento, productividad, contenido y extracción mineral (N, P, K, Ca, Mg y Na) en este tomate local cultivado bajo condiciones de invernadero frío. El ensayo se realizó en INIA-La Cruz situado en La Cruz, región de Valparaíso. Los tratamientos fueron dos: T1 (Tomate Limachino Antiguo autoinjertado) y T2 (Tomate Limachino Antiguo injertado sobre portainjerto INIA) con un diseño de seis bloques completamente al azar. No se observó efecto de tratamiento en la biomasa área fresca y seca, ni en el contenido mineral en fruto, hoja y tallo. Sin embargo, se detectó una tendencia a una mayor biomasa seca en relación a la biomasa fresca por efecto tratamiento (disminución de suculencia). El efecto portainjerto sobre la extracción mineral mostró un incremento significativo en N, P y K en fruto, hoja y tallo, siendo más importante la extracción en K en fruto. En Ca y Mg se produjo una mayor extracción en hoja y tallo en relación al fruto. Por lo tanto, se concluye que los niveles extracción mineral en plantas injertadas sobre portainjerto INIA son diferentes y superiores a las plantas autoinjertadas, lo que sugiere manejos de dosificación de fertilizantes distintos.
The research on the nutrition and fertility of tomato rootstock has not been developed in Chile. The local tomato varieties with good organoleptic and sensory characteristics (taste and aroma) are being very demanded by consumer, but they have some post-harvest problems. Our proposal considers the implementation of grafting management in the Old Limachino Tomato in order to resolve the aforementioned problems, since some studies indicate that rootstock usage leads to roots' increased absorption of nutrients from the soil. Therefore, this investigation posits that the old Limachino tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) grafted onto INIA rootstock exhibits greater nutrient uptake from soil (N-P-K-Ca-Mg and Na) than the old Limachino tomato grafted onto itself. Accordingly, this study intended to determine the effect of the INIA graft on growth, productivity, nutrient content and uptake (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na) of the Old Limachino Tomato cultivated under cold greenhouse conditions. The trial took place at the campus of INIA-La Cruz, in Quillota province, La Cruz, Valparaíso region. There were two treatments: T1 (self-grafted Old Limachino Tomato) and T2 (Old Limachino Tomato grafted onto INIA rootstock), with a statistical design of six completely randomized blocks. No treatment effect was observed in fresh and dry biomass area growth, nor was it observed in mineral content in fruit, leaf, or stem. Nevertheless, a tendency toward greater dry biomass was detected in relation to fresh biomass due to treatment effect (a decrease in succulence). The graft effect on nutrient uptake showed a significant increase in N, P, and K in fruit, leaf, and stem, where K uptake in the tomato fruit was most notable. A greater uptake of Ca and Mg was produced in leaf and stem than in fruit. Therefore, we conclude that the nutrient uptake levels in plants grafted onto INIA rootstock are different from and superior to those in auto-grafted plants, suggesting a need for different fertilizer dosing management.
The research on the nutrition and fertility of tomato rootstock has not been developed in Chile. The local tomato varieties with good organoleptic and sensory characteristics (taste and aroma) are being very demanded by consumer, but they have some post-harvest problems. Our proposal considers the implementation of grafting management in the Old Limachino Tomato in order to resolve the aforementioned problems, since some studies indicate that rootstock usage leads to roots' increased absorption of nutrients from the soil. Therefore, this investigation posits that the old Limachino tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) grafted onto INIA rootstock exhibits greater nutrient uptake from soil (N-P-K-Ca-Mg and Na) than the old Limachino tomato grafted onto itself. Accordingly, this study intended to determine the effect of the INIA graft on growth, productivity, nutrient content and uptake (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na) of the Old Limachino Tomato cultivated under cold greenhouse conditions. The trial took place at the campus of INIA-La Cruz, in Quillota province, La Cruz, Valparaíso region. There were two treatments: T1 (self-grafted Old Limachino Tomato) and T2 (Old Limachino Tomato grafted onto INIA rootstock), with a statistical design of six completely randomized blocks. No treatment effect was observed in fresh and dry biomass area growth, nor was it observed in mineral content in fruit, leaf, or stem. Nevertheless, a tendency toward greater dry biomass was detected in relation to fresh biomass due to treatment effect (a decrease in succulence). The graft effect on nutrient uptake showed a significant increase in N, P, and K in fruit, leaf, and stem, where K uptake in the tomato fruit was most notable. A greater uptake of Ca and Mg was produced in leaf and stem than in fruit. Therefore, we conclude that the nutrient uptake levels in plants grafted onto INIA rootstock are different from and superior to those in auto-grafted plants, suggesting a need for different fertilizer dosing management.
Description
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Keywords
EXTRACCION MINERAL , PORTAINJERTO , TOMATE LIMACHINO ANTIGUO