Thesis CALIBRACIÓN Y USO DEL MODELO SRM (SNOWMELT RUNOFF MODEL) PARA PRONÓSTICOS DE CAUDALES DE DESHIELO APLICADO A CUENCAS DE CABECERA DEL RÍO PUTAENDO Y ESTERO POCURO
Date
2017
Authors
MUÑOZ CASTRO, OSCAR MIGUEL ANDRE
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Abstract
Este estudio contempla el uso del modelo de derretimiento de nieve SRM(Martinec, 1975) en las cuencas del Río Putaendo en Resguardo Los Patos y EsteroPocuro en Sifón, donde predomina el régimen de deshielo. Por esta razón, contar conherramientas que mejoren la estimación del caudal asociado a los periodos de deshieloes fundamental para la planificación de su uso y aprovechamiento.Las variables requeridas por el modelo se obtuvieron de la base de datos de laDGA, mientras que para la estimación de la cobertura de nieve se utilizaron imágenesMODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), proporcionadas por laNASA, las cuales disponen de información en un intervalo de 8 días de la cobertura denieve a nivel diario, y la máxima cobertura dentro de dicho intervalo.El proceso de calibración de parámetros se realizó para temporadas húmedas,normales y secas. Luego, se realizó una simulación para cada temporada conparámetros promedio y tres (3) pronósticos durante el ciclo de deshielo, conactualización mensual, en Octubre y Noviembre.Para la cuenca del río Putaendo en resguardo los patos, los resultados del modelode pronostico SRM se contrastan con los datos medidos en la estación fluviométrica ycon los datos proporcionados, a nivel mensual, por el informe de disponibilidad de aguaemitido por la DGA (2014, 2015 y 2016), para lo cual se obtuvo un buen ajuste deacuerdo al coeficiente de Nash-Sucliffe.En el caso de la cuenca del estero Pocuro en el sifón, solo se ejecutó el modelo yse compararon los resultados con los datos medidos por la estación de control,obteniendo un ajuste satisfactorio.
This research considers the use of the SRM snowmelt runoff model (Martinec,1975) in the basins of Putaendo River in Resguardo Los Patos and Pocuro Estuary inSifón, where the snowmelt regime predominates. For this reason, having tools thatimprove the estimation of the flow associated with the snowmelt seasons is essential forhis planning and use.The variables required by the model were obtained from the data base of the DGA(Dirección General de Aguas), while MODIS Images (Moderate Resolution ImagingSpectroradiometer) which provided by the NASA were used to estimate the snowcoverage. These images provides information about the daily levels of snow coverageand and the maximum coverage every eight days.The parameters calibration process was made for wet, regular and dry seasons.Then, a simulation for each season with average parameter values was made. Finally,three forecasts during the snowmelt cycle with a monthly update on October andDecember were performed.For the basin from Putaendo River in Resguardo Los Patos’ basin, the results ofthe forecast model SRM were contrasted with the measured data from the flow gaugestation, and the monthly data from the water availability report issued by the DGA (2014,2015 and 2016), where it was obtained a good adjustment according to the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient.In the case of Pocuro Estuary in Sifon’ basin, only the model was executed themodel and its results were compared with the data measured from the flow gauge station,obtaining a good adjustment.
This research considers the use of the SRM snowmelt runoff model (Martinec,1975) in the basins of Putaendo River in Resguardo Los Patos and Pocuro Estuary inSifón, where the snowmelt regime predominates. For this reason, having tools thatimprove the estimation of the flow associated with the snowmelt seasons is essential forhis planning and use.The variables required by the model were obtained from the data base of the DGA(Dirección General de Aguas), while MODIS Images (Moderate Resolution ImagingSpectroradiometer) which provided by the NASA were used to estimate the snowcoverage. These images provides information about the daily levels of snow coverageand and the maximum coverage every eight days.The parameters calibration process was made for wet, regular and dry seasons.Then, a simulation for each season with average parameter values was made. Finally,three forecasts during the snowmelt cycle with a monthly update on October andDecember were performed.For the basin from Putaendo River in Resguardo Los Patos’ basin, the results ofthe forecast model SRM were contrasted with the measured data from the flow gaugestation, and the monthly data from the water availability report issued by the DGA (2014,2015 and 2016), where it was obtained a good adjustment according to the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient.In the case of Pocuro Estuary in Sifon’ basin, only the model was executed themodel and its results were compared with the data measured from the flow gauge station,obtaining a good adjustment.
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Keywords
CUENCAS DEL ACONCAGUA , DERRETIMIENTO DE NIEVE , ESCORRENTIA , TELEDETECCION