Thesis EFECTOS DE MEZCLAS DE CLORUROS EN LA HUMEDAD DE CAMINOS NO PAVIMENTADOS
Date
2017
Authors
HEITZER MUÑOZ, CHRISTIAN ANDRÉS
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Abstract
Los caminos no pavimentados constituyen cerca del 60% de la red vial pública de caminos en Chile, siendo un factor clave en la movilidad de la población rural y de sectores productivos. Sin embargo, los caminos no pavimentos del norte del país presentan un deterioro acelerado y un mal nivel de servicio producto del clima y tránsito.El Cloruro de Magnesio Hexahidratado (MgCl2·6H2O), también conocido como Bischofita, y el Cloruro de Sodio (NaCl) son sales que se utilizan como estabilizadores químicos de capas de rodadura y como tratamiento para el control de polvo de caminos no pavimentados, principalmente en el norte del país y en la minería. No obstante, existe la posibilidad de mejorar el desempeño de los caminos tratados con sales mediante la mezcla de estos cloruros, lo cual fue estudiado en esta investigación.De acuerdo con lo anterior, el objetivo de esta investigación será estudiar el efecto y comportamiento que tienen distintas mezclas de sales y tipos de suelos, en la absorción, retención y pérdida de humedad, para diferentes ciclos de acondicionamiento en laboratorio, con el fin de representar las condiciones dadas en terreno. Para esto se elaborarán probetas con distintos suelos, tipos y concentraciones de sales, las cuales serán acondicionadas a distintas humedades de aire y temperatura en una cámara de humedad y horno en laboratorio.Además, en esta investigación se ajustará un modelo matemático a las curvas de humedad y temperatura en el tiempo, para los diferentes tipos de suelos y sales estudiados, con el fin de determinar el contenido de humedad de los caminos para cualquier instante de tiempo, conocida la humedad relativa del aire. Esto permitirá conocer la mezcla óptima de sal para un camino bajo distintas condiciones de humedad y temperatura encontradas en terreno.Se comprobó la capacidad de absorción y retención de humedad de las muestras con sales, especialmente las con Bischofita, debido principalmente a su propiedad higroscópica. Además, las mezclas con sales permiten retardar la evaporación en suelos, lo que se traduce en una disminución en el consumo de agua para riego de los caminos, un mejor nivel de servicio y menores costos de mantención. Finalmente, el modelo matemático de Kelvin-Voigt utilizado resultó adecuado para modelar la absorción y/o evaporación de agua de las muestras en estudio.
Unpaved roads constitute more than 60% of the public road network in Chile, being a key factor in the mobility of the rural population and productive sectors. However, the unpaved roads of northern Chile show an accelerated deterioration and a poor level of service due to climate and traffic. Magnesium Chloride Hexahydrate (MgCl2·6H2O), or also commonly known as Bischofite and Sodium Chloride (NaCl), are salts that are used as chemical stabilizers of rolling layers and as a treatment for the control of dust of unpaved roads, Mainly in the north of the country and in mining. However, there is a possibility of improving the performance of salt-treated roads by mixing these chlorides, which was studied in this research.The objective of this research was to study the effect and behavior of different mixtures of salts and soil types, in the absorption, retention and loss of moisture, for different conditioning cycles in the laboratory, to represent the conditions given in terrain. For this, specimens were prepared with different soils, types and concentrations of salts, which were conditioned to different air humidity and temperature in a humidity chamber and laboratory furnace. In the research, a mathematical model was also fitted to the moisture and temperature curves over time for diverse types of soils and salts, to determine the soil moisture for any instant of time, known relative air humidity. This will allow to know the optimal mixture of salt for different conditions of humidity and temperature found in terrain.The capacity of absorption and moisture retention of samples with salts, especially those with Bischofite, was verified, mainly due to its hygroscopic property. In addition, mixtures with salts allow to retard evaporation in soils, which results in a reduction in water consumption for irrigation of the roads, a better level of service and lower maintenance costs.Finally, the Kelvin-Voigt mathematical model used was adequate to model the water absorption and / or evaporation of the samples under study.
Unpaved roads constitute more than 60% of the public road network in Chile, being a key factor in the mobility of the rural population and productive sectors. However, the unpaved roads of northern Chile show an accelerated deterioration and a poor level of service due to climate and traffic. Magnesium Chloride Hexahydrate (MgCl2·6H2O), or also commonly known as Bischofite and Sodium Chloride (NaCl), are salts that are used as chemical stabilizers of rolling layers and as a treatment for the control of dust of unpaved roads, Mainly in the north of the country and in mining. However, there is a possibility of improving the performance of salt-treated roads by mixing these chlorides, which was studied in this research.The objective of this research was to study the effect and behavior of different mixtures of salts and soil types, in the absorption, retention and loss of moisture, for different conditioning cycles in the laboratory, to represent the conditions given in terrain. For this, specimens were prepared with different soils, types and concentrations of salts, which were conditioned to different air humidity and temperature in a humidity chamber and laboratory furnace. In the research, a mathematical model was also fitted to the moisture and temperature curves over time for diverse types of soils and salts, to determine the soil moisture for any instant of time, known relative air humidity. This will allow to know the optimal mixture of salt for different conditions of humidity and temperature found in terrain.The capacity of absorption and moisture retention of samples with salts, especially those with Bischofite, was verified, mainly due to its hygroscopic property. In addition, mixtures with salts allow to retard evaporation in soils, which results in a reduction in water consumption for irrigation of the roads, a better level of service and lower maintenance costs.Finally, the Kelvin-Voigt mathematical model used was adequate to model the water absorption and / or evaporation of the samples under study.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
CAMINOS NO PAVIMENTADOS , CLORUROS , CONTROL DE HUMEDAD