Publication: REHABILITACIÓN DE VIVIENDA SOCIAL EN CHILE, HACIA LA TRANSICIÓN ENERGÉTICA
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2017
Authors
BUSTAMANTE GUTIÉRREZ, NATALIA NICOLE
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
La vivienda social construida antes del año 2000 en Chile no se desarrolló bajo ningún criterio climático ni normativa ad-hoc. Un gran número de hogares en Chile no posee buenas condiciones interiores que respondan a la ubicación geográfica donde se ubican, especialmente si se considera los nueve diferentes climas que Chile tiene. A lo anterior se suma que el confort térmico de los ocupantes y el consumo de energía, aun en la actualidad, tienden a no ser considerados en el diseño de la vivienda.Una tipología particular de vivienda que pone de manifiesto esta situación refiere al sistema de racionalización de viviendas sociales desarrollado en nuestro país entre 1938 y 1973, donde las tipologías estandarizadas de vivienda fueron replicadas en todo el país. Dentro de estos prototipos, aparece la tipología CORVI (Corporación de la Vivienda) 1010 y 1020, que es el objeto de esta tesis. Miles de viviendas que todavía están en pie se construyeron bajo esta tipología, una tipología que tiene una fuerte influencia de la arquitectura moderna.El objetivo de este trabajo es generar recomendaciones de revitalización en busca de la transición energética, lo que permite rehabilitar las viviendas para lograr el confort térmico, el cumplimiento del código térmico chileno actual y diseño acorde al clima en el que se encuentran. La premisa base es revitalizar en lugar de demoler, sobre todo cuando se reconoce que esta arquitectura residencial posee valores arquitectónicos dignos de preservación y excelencia en la construcción estructural, que queda demostrada en su cualidad sismorresistente, lo cual es un rasgo importante a tener en cuenta en Chile.Para elaborar un set de recomendaciones para la rehabilitación, se tomaron cuatro casos de estudio de estos conjuntos habitacionales, que se ubican en cuatro climas diferentes en las ciudades chilenas más importantes, Santiago, Valparaíso, Concepción y Antofagasta. Se propuso comparar el comportamiento térmico de la misma tipología en diferentes condiciones climáticas. Para este estudio se han utilizado herramientas cuantitativas y cualitativas para evaluar y diagnosticar el desempeño energitérmico y proponer recomendaciones base en pos de la transición energética considerando el bienestar de los habitantes y la reducción del consumo energético dentro de estándares normativos.
Social Housing in Chile built before 2000 was not developed under any climatic criteria consideration. A large number of homes in Chile do not have good indoor conditions that respond to the geographical location where they are located, considering the nine different climates Chile possesses; the thermal comfort of occupants and the energy consumption is usually neglected. A particular housing typology that makes this situation evident is the system of rationalization of social housing developed in our country between 1938 and 1973, where standardized housing typologies were replicated throughout the country. Within these prototypes, it appears the CORVI (Housing Corporation) typology 1010 and 1020, which is the object of this study. Thousands of housing that is still standing where built under this typology, a typology that has a strong influence from the architecture of the modernist period.The objective of this work is to generate retrofit recommendations in search of the energy transition, which allows rehabilitating the houses to achieve thermal comfort, compliance with actual Chilean code and according to the climate in which they are located. The departure premise is to revitalise instead of demolishing, especially when it is recognised that these homes possess architectural values worth of preservation and structural construction excellence, they have proven to be seismic resistant, which is an important feature to be taken into account in Chile. In order to carry out the recommendations, four cases of study of these housing complexes were taken; they are located in four different climates of most important Chilean cities, that is, to compare the thermal behaviour of the same typology in response to different climatic conditions. Quantitative and qualitative tools to evaluate and diagnose them to develop the energy and climatic basis of the recommendations for recommendations have been used for this research.
Social Housing in Chile built before 2000 was not developed under any climatic criteria consideration. A large number of homes in Chile do not have good indoor conditions that respond to the geographical location where they are located, considering the nine different climates Chile possesses; the thermal comfort of occupants and the energy consumption is usually neglected. A particular housing typology that makes this situation evident is the system of rationalization of social housing developed in our country between 1938 and 1973, where standardized housing typologies were replicated throughout the country. Within these prototypes, it appears the CORVI (Housing Corporation) typology 1010 and 1020, which is the object of this study. Thousands of housing that is still standing where built under this typology, a typology that has a strong influence from the architecture of the modernist period.The objective of this work is to generate retrofit recommendations in search of the energy transition, which allows rehabilitating the houses to achieve thermal comfort, compliance with actual Chilean code and according to the climate in which they are located. The departure premise is to revitalise instead of demolishing, especially when it is recognised that these homes possess architectural values worth of preservation and structural construction excellence, they have proven to be seismic resistant, which is an important feature to be taken into account in Chile. In order to carry out the recommendations, four cases of study of these housing complexes were taken; they are located in four different climates of most important Chilean cities, that is, to compare the thermal behaviour of the same typology in response to different climatic conditions. Quantitative and qualitative tools to evaluate and diagnose them to develop the energy and climatic basis of the recommendations for recommendations have been used for this research.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
CONFORT TERMICO , TRANSICION ENERGETICA , VIVIENDA SOCIAL