Thesis ESTUDIO DE LA GESTIÓN DE DEMANDA ENERGÉTICA EN LA MEDIANA EMPRESA
Date
2017
Authors
MAUREIRA MOLINA, MIGUEL ALEJANDRO
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Abstract
La energía siempre ha sido un tema de relevancia a nivel mundial. A partir de las últimas crisis,han habido esfuerzos tantos estatales como privados para poder solucionarlas. Dentro de las soluciones,muy presente se tiene el implementar mayores capacidades, sin entrar a estudiar el uso de la que ya setiene disponible, o del potencial no convencional existente. Desde esta perspectiva surge el conceptode gestión de demanda energética, la que estudia los usos de energías para posteriormente analizar lamejor forma de utilizarla, o implementar alternativas renovables.Bajo este concepto es que se buscan medianas empresas locales, en la región de Valparaíso, parahacer una auditoria energética y poder optimizar el consumo energético de sus procesos, al identificarequipos críticos desde esta perspectiva y la perspectiva productiva. Se desarrolló esta actividad en laempresa Tresmontes Lucchetti, Valparaíso. Esta empresa del rubro alimenticio procesa y empacaalimentos deshidratados. De todas las áreas en la planta, se ha optado por trabajar con el área de serviciosgenerales, específicamente con los calentadores eléctricos de agua. Según un análisis comparativo tanto anivel nacional como internacional, una alternativa que ha dado buenos resultados es la de implementaragua caliente solar mediante colectores. Análogamente y a partir de los resultados obtenidos por laalternativa ya mencionada, se estudia el concepto de “net billing” o generación distribuida, que tantoa nivel nacional como internacional se ha implementado y traído buenos resultados; la posibilidad deimplementar colectores solares para el proceso de calentamiento de mantecas en el área de deshidratadosy un arreglo entre “net billing” y calentamiento de mantecas.Las cuatro alternativas evaluadas son factibles desde el punto de vista técnico, sin embargo unasson mejores que otras, si se evalúan desde el punto de vista económico. El periodo de retorno de inversiónde los cuatro proyectos ronda los 5-6 años, los ahorros anuales oscilan entre 2 a 20 millones de pesoschilenos anuales, según el proyecto. Los ahorros máximos para el periodo evaluado varían de entre 20 a150 millones de pesos chilenos, requiriendo de entre 10 a 110 millones CLP como capital de inversióndistribuyéndose en un área de entre 66 a 732 metros cuadrados. De las cuatro alternativas, la más factibleeconómica-técnicamente es el arreglo fotovoltáico y calentamineto de mantecas; seguida por el sistemafotovoltáico; sistema de calentador de mantecas; y finalmente sistema de agua caliente solar. La mejoralternativa trae consigo un ahorro máximo de alrededor de 100 millones de pesos en un periodo de 20años, la inversión se retorna en un plazo de 5 años, el ahorro mínimo anual es de 12 millones CLP. Paraimplementar este proyecto se requieren de 72 millones CLP y un área de 732 metros cuadrados. Losimpedimentos posibles que reduzcan el rendimiento económico/técnico de los arreglos pueden ser ladisponibilidad física de la empresa (techo disponible) y los factores medioambientales, ya que el clima nose puede predecir.iii
Energy has always been a subject of worldwide relevance. Since the last crises, there have been somany state and private eorts to solve them. Within the solutions, it is very present to implement greatercapacities, without going to study the use of which is already available, or of the unconventional potentialavailable. From this perspective emerges the concept of demand side management, which studies theuses of energy to later analyze the best way to use it, or implement renewable alternatives.Under this concept is that local midsize companies are sought, in the region of Valparaiso, todo an energy audit and to be able to optimize the energy consumption of their processes, identifyingcritical equipment from this perspective and the productive perspective. This activity was developed in thecompany Tresmontes Lucchetti, Valparaíso. This food company processes and packages dehydratedfoods. Of all the areas in the plant, it has chosen to work with the general services area, specificallywith electric water heaters. According to a comparative analysis both nationally and internationally,an alternative that has given good results is the implementation of solar hot water through collectors.Similarly, and from the results obtained by the aforementioned alternative, the concept of “ net billing ”or distributed generation is studied, which has been implemented both nationally and internationallyand brought good results; The possibility of implementing solar collectors for the process of heating butterin the dehydrated area and an arrangement between “ net billing ” and heating of butter.The four alternatives evaluated are feasible from the technical point of view, however some arebetter than others, if evaluated from the economic point of view. The investment return period of thefour projects is around 5-6 years, annual savings ranging from 2 to 20 million Chilean pesos per year,according to the project. The maximum savings for the period evaluated vary from 20 to 150 millionChilean pesos, requiring between 10 to 110 million CLP as investment capital, distributing in an area ofbetween 66 and 732 square meters. Of the four alternatives, the most economically-technically feasible isthe photovoltaic arrangement and heating of butter; Followed by the photovoltaic system; Butter heatersystem; And finally solar hot water system. The best alternative brings a maximum savings of around 100million pesos over a period of 20 years, the investment is returned within 5 years, the minimum annualsaving is 12 million CLP. To place this project, 72 million CLP and an area of 732 square meters arerequired. Potential impediments that reduce the economic / technical performance of the arrangementscan be the physical availability of the company (available ceiling) and the environmental factors, since theclimate can not be predicted.
Energy has always been a subject of worldwide relevance. Since the last crises, there have been somany state and private eorts to solve them. Within the solutions, it is very present to implement greatercapacities, without going to study the use of which is already available, or of the unconventional potentialavailable. From this perspective emerges the concept of demand side management, which studies theuses of energy to later analyze the best way to use it, or implement renewable alternatives.Under this concept is that local midsize companies are sought, in the region of Valparaiso, todo an energy audit and to be able to optimize the energy consumption of their processes, identifyingcritical equipment from this perspective and the productive perspective. This activity was developed in thecompany Tresmontes Lucchetti, Valparaíso. This food company processes and packages dehydratedfoods. Of all the areas in the plant, it has chosen to work with the general services area, specificallywith electric water heaters. According to a comparative analysis both nationally and internationally,an alternative that has given good results is the implementation of solar hot water through collectors.Similarly, and from the results obtained by the aforementioned alternative, the concept of “ net billing ”or distributed generation is studied, which has been implemented both nationally and internationallyand brought good results; The possibility of implementing solar collectors for the process of heating butterin the dehydrated area and an arrangement between “ net billing ” and heating of butter.The four alternatives evaluated are feasible from the technical point of view, however some arebetter than others, if evaluated from the economic point of view. The investment return period of thefour projects is around 5-6 years, annual savings ranging from 2 to 20 million Chilean pesos per year,according to the project. The maximum savings for the period evaluated vary from 20 to 150 millionChilean pesos, requiring between 10 to 110 million CLP as investment capital, distributing in an area ofbetween 66 and 732 square meters. Of the four alternatives, the most economically-technically feasible isthe photovoltaic arrangement and heating of butter; Followed by the photovoltaic system; Butter heatersystem; And finally solar hot water system. The best alternative brings a maximum savings of around 100million pesos over a period of 20 years, the investment is returned within 5 years, the minimum annualsaving is 12 million CLP. To place this project, 72 million CLP and an area of 732 square meters arerequired. Potential impediments that reduce the economic / technical performance of the arrangementscan be the physical availability of the company (available ceiling) and the environmental factors, since theclimate can not be predicted.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
ALIMENTOS DESHIDRATADOS , COLECTORES SOLARES , DEMANDA , ENERGIA SOLAR CHILE , GENERACION DISTRIBUIDA , GESTION , GESTION DE DEMANDA ENERGETICA , TRESMONTES LUCCHETTI, VALPARAISO